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Swaging of all machine swage terminals is done with a hydraulic-compression swaging machine which compresses the fitting on all sides at once.  This method is far superior to roller swaging machines that are commonly used.   You will not get a "banana" swage!   NOTE: Custom swaging is NOT returnable.  We'll work with you to assure what you order is exactly what you want and need the first time.

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DIY of standing rigging with compression fittings

• Thread starter Avi
• Start date Apr 30, 2023
• Forums for All Owners
• Ask All Sailors

What are the risks of replacing all standing riggings to a compression fittings or swageless , with sta lok or norseman by myself? I watch many people doing it on YouTube with no special difficulties. I am thinking of doing it myself is there anything in particular I need to pay attention? The money saving is what I need because I am doing a major refit on my S2 9.2C and the expenses are overwhelming. Is Norseman better then Sta lok? Any advice will be appropriated  

Attachments

garymalmgren

Avi said: What are the risks of replacing all standing riggings to a compression fittings or swageless , with sta lok or norseman by myself? I watch many people doing it on YouTube with no special difficulties. I am thinking of doing it myself is there anything in particular I need to pay attention? The money saving is what I need because I am doing a major refit on my S2 9.2C and the expenses are overwhelming. Is Norseman better then Sta lok? Any advice will be appropriated Click to expand

Just a word of caution .. be sure to use some kind of anti seize on the threads of the mechanical fitting. We tried to use one to fix a broken backstay and could not get the new fitting apart; heat, breaker bars, impact driver on a crowfoot.. nothing would budge it.  

Captain Larry-DH

@Avi re: photo 4. The easiest way to cut wire rope with a clean (unsplayed) edge is with a rotary tool cutoff wheel.  

• Strengthen rigging to improve function of open water cruising.
• Mitigate by design the potential for corrosion in rigging.
• Improve running rigging systems to optimize mast base management.
• Add running rigging options for spinnaker and stay sail.
• Rewire all electrical systems.

Thank you all for the reply, I always learn something and get educated from all the feed backs  

Scott T-Bird

I think to summarize the reasons why many sailors choose mechanical fittings are: 1) Mechanical fittings are more of an investment to reduce costs when rigging needs to be replaced in the future. They are considered to be re-usable when you need to purchase new wire. But they are not a more economical choice with the initial purchase. 2) Mechanical fittings are geared towards the DIY sailor who may not have access to swaged fittings in remote areas when the rigging may need replacement. 3) Many DIY sailors have more confidence in measuring and cutting the rigging on their own and doing the job independently. There are some who just do not trust others to do these jobs. If you don't fit in those categories, I'd suggest that mechanical fittings may not be your best choice.  

I'll also suggest that with a major refit, as you describe, the best strategy is to focus on the jobs that you know that you will have to do yourself to save money. Rigging is not one of those jobs. The time you save farming this job to a good rigger will be well worth it. This job will probably be done with less expense (especially if you value your own time properly) if it is done by a rigger with swage machinery. I have no doubt that you can readily find several competent riggers who will offer competitive pricing. The job will be done quickly, and well, without any stress on yourself. If this rigging is 20 years old or older (or you don't even know the age), my advise is to do this job for sure and don't put it off. Peace of mind doesn't come for free, but it is priceless once you have it. So, good for you having this task on the front burner.  

Good points, @Scott T-Bird . I was thinking of doing my own, having lengths of wire made with swaged fittings at the top, those Navtec-style "T" fittings, and Hi-Mod mechanical fittings at the bottom. In 2017 I costed it out from Rigging Only on Fairhaven, MA (only 10 minutes from where I now live!) at about $2,000. I would have to terminate all of the lower fittings. Now, Hi-Mod terminals have doubled in cost since then!!! I'm thinking I should just have them come to my boat, measure, and fabricate the rigging with swaged fittings at both ends. Update on costs: Navtec swaged "T" fittings up 30% from 2017 to now. Wow.  

Scott T-Bird said: I think to summarize the reasons why many sailors choose mechanical fittings are: 1) Mechanical fittings are more of an investment to reduce costs when rigging needs to be replaced in the future. They are considered to be re-usable when you need to purchase new wire. But they are not a more economical choice with the initial purchase. 2) Mechanical fittings are geared towards the DIY sailor who may not have access to swaged fittings in remote areas when the rigging may need replacement. 3) Many DIY sailors have more confidence in measuring and cutting the rigging on their own and doing the job independently. There are some who just do not trust others to do these jobs. If you don't fit in those categories, I'd suggest that mechanical fittings may not be your best choice. Click to expand

dLj said: The main reason in my mind is the higher reliability of these fasteners. These kinds of mechanical fasteners are rated for "overhead" application but swagged fittings are not. Click to expand

Scott T-Bird said: Not knowing any different, I'll go along with what you say about reliability ... except that I've never heard that the reliability of swaged fittings on sailboats is really a factor worth worrying about for the typical sailor. My premonition is that increased reliability is just a meaningless argument for the DIY sailor to add in the pro column for justification of their choice. Just by sampling some reading, one rigger whom offers both services seems to suggest that mechanical fittings can be harder on the wire than swaged fittings, but defects or damages are more easily spotted with mechanical fittings, so it (how well they perform) may be a wash, depending more upon how well each alternative is actually performed by the rigger. Click to expand

There's the fatigue aspect not captured in the above, but the poured fittings have always been considered the "gold standard" in wire rope fittings. When I worked in that area, it was the only fitting permitted. Of course, the sizes we worked with would never have been below at least 1/2" and more at the 1" and above. I'd be very interested to see if you can find fatigue ratings for the different fittings. Love the numbers for the swaged fittings. dj p.s. an overhead rating does not mean you get 100% strength of the wire rope, it's that the strength that you achieve is reliable and does not change over time and usage. Of course within reason...  

Be that as it may, swaged fittings are the dominant rigging system in the sailboat industry. You occasionally (rarely) hear of rigs failing due to rigging failure, but I venture to guess that a poor configuration [1] or an aged rig is to blame. [1] An example of a poor configuration would be where there is not a straight pull from a swaged fitting, i.e., a toggle is called for but not installed. The non-straight pull stresses the wire where it exits the fitting. My Catalina 36 had this issue with the shrouds, and I installed toggles.  

jviss said: Be that as it may, swaged fittings are the dominant rigging system in the sailboat industry. You occasionally (rarely) hear of rigs failing due to rigging failure, but I venture to guess that a poor configuration [1] or an aged rig is to blame. [1] An example of a poor configuration would be where there is not a straight pull from a swaged fitting, i.e., a toggle is called for but not installed. The non-straight pull stresses the wire where it exits the fitting. My Catalina 36 had this issue with the shrouds, and I installed toggles. Click to expand

Scott T-Bird said: Not that there isn't the odd sailor who does consider it Click to expand

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Welcome to rigging only.

Our www.riggingandhardware.com shop on line site is now open for business. We now have most manufacture's parts up and running. Pricing is current on the riggingandhardware.com site. Pictures and selection guides are rather lacking at this time but we are working on them and will be loading more product and manufacturers asap. As always, don't hesitate to contact us with any questions or to place an order at [email protected] or call (508) 992-0434.

Our Mission

• We now stock and swage wire up to 5/8 diameter for sailboat standing rigging and architectural wire projects. Larger sizes are available.
• We now stock and swage wire up to 5/8 diameter for standing rigging and architectural projects. Larger sizes are available.
• Metric wire and swage fittings are available for standing rigging applications. We are able to provide swaged standing rigging assemblies as well as mechanical terminals (assembled or you assemble) to meet your needs at an affordable cost. Current stock is 8-10-12mm. Note the bulk of these fittings will have imperial pin and thread dimensions.

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Customer comments.

• We thank you and your staff for your help and advise. We are enjoying sailing more with the furler. M.&R. G., Chicago
• All arrived safely and perfectly on time. The lifelines are almost too pretty to put on the boat and it's a damn pretty boat. The shrouds and backstay are superb and a perfect fit. If anyone ever wants a referral about Rigging Only tell them to contact me. R. A. , Curator, N. C.
• Just a quick note to tell you how grateful I am. The order was waiting for me when I arrived as promised. All the parts were of top quality and the prices were more than reasonable. I am recommending the services and products of Rigging Only to all my fellow charter captains of the Virgin Islands Charter League. Capt. G. F. USVI
• Due to your excellent quality, service, and prices on my previous order I would like to get a price quote and estimated turnaround time for replacing my current standing rigging... B. S. Gurnee, IL.
• Got them on time! Many Thanks! C. S. Lacombe, LA

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Boat Moorings and Storage near Preston in Lancashire, in the North West of England

Douglas Marine Limited offer a full yacht rigging service, from supplying a single replacement stay or shroud to the production of a full set of standing yacht rigging. Our equipment allows us to offer roll-swaging and Talurit splicing in both stainless steel and galvanized yacht rigging wire, up to 9 mm diameter, in addition to swageless fittings of any size. All our stainless wire and fittings are manufactured from top quality AISI 316 stainless steel

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• Wire Rigging

Stays, Swaging, and Nicro Press

The Standing Rigging (shrouds, forestay, backstay) of your sailboat are critical components and need to be inspected and maintained. Each wire should be checked for loose strands and breaks along the entire length of the wire with specific attention to the end fittings and anywhere it comes in contact with other rigging (ie. spreaders). Each fitting should be inspected for wear and the assembly should be replaced if there is significant wear, stress cracking or if the fitting hole has become oval.

Wire running rigging is also subject to wear and should be inspected often. wire to rope halyards are the most common wire running rigging but adjustable forestays, vangs, and backstay systems can also have wire components. the wear normally found on wire running rigging is broken strands at the fittings and along the length (often referred to as meat hooks) of the wire that passes around a sheave. as the wire wears the small broken strands along the length can catch clothing, skin, and sails resulting in small injuries, discomfort, and chafe. broken or worn strands significantly reduce the strength of the wire and should be replaced., swaging and nicro pressing.

Fogh Marine can perform either Nicro Pressing or Machine Swaging on most types of rigging wire. Unfortunately, our swaging machine is not capable of working with rod rigging and we do not sell 'hand swage' fittings.

Nicro Press Fittings : Are used to put loops or stops in a wire. The two primary fittings are a stop sleeve which fits the diameter of the wire and an oval sleeve that allows two wires through. This is a common fitting found on many dinghies, catamarans, and daysailers. Ideal for lower load applications and very convenient as there are many hand tools available. Fogh Marine can nicro press wire from 1/16" to 3/16"diameter.

Machine Swage Fittings: Are compressed on a wire using a Swaging Machine. There are many different fittings available and the mechanical joint between the fitting and the wire is much stronger than a nicro press. This style is found on many boats from dinghies to mega yachts. Ideal for standing rigging but requires a specific tool and is not a do-it-yourself option. Fogh Marine can swage wire from 3/32" to 3/8" diameter. For larger jobs Fogh Marine can swage wires at your location.

Ordering A New Wire From Fogh Marine

There are three methods you can use when ordering a new wire from us..

Option 1 - Build from Existing

The simplest method is to bring in to the store or mail us the wire you want to replace. Cam will look at your existing wire and wire fittings and give you a quote for fabrication. He will incorporate any changes you may want to the fittings or length in the quote. Once you have approved the work he will build your new wire for you.

Option 2 - On Site Inspection

This option is only available in the Greater Toronto Region. One of our staff will come to your boat and measure the wire to be replaced. The site visit is charged at $80/hr including travel time from Fogh Marine. It is not possible for us to accurately measure stays attached to a mast when it is stepped on the boat but, if you are not confident that you can get the length or fittings right and are unable to get it to us, we are happy to examine the rigging when the mast is off the boat. Once we have the specifications Cam will quote you for the job and, upon approval, build your new wire.

Option 3 - Send us your specifications

If you know what you need or are able to accurately measure your wire and choose the correct fittings, you can Contact Us the wire length and fittings and he will quote the job and, upon approval, fabricate the wire to your specifications. We are happy to help you with this process and are often able to help choose fittings based on photographs of the existing ends.

Please read the information below for items to include in your specifications.

Measuring Your Existing Wire

The most accurate way to fabricate a new wire is to bring us your existing one. leave the turnbuckle set to at the tensioned position and fogh marine will build a new wire using hardware that is as close a match as possible to your existing fittings..

There are times however, either due to need or distance, when it is not possible to bring in the wire you need to have replaced. In that case there are several pieces of information that we will need in order to fabricate a new wire that is a close match to your current one.

• Wire Diameter: Measure the current diameter of your wire. A simple way to do this, if you have swaged fittings, is to look on the fitting; there is often a number engraved on it. This number corresponds to a 32nd of an inch so a #4 fitting is used on 1/8 wire while a #8 fitting is used on 1/4" wire. If there is no engraving or the ends are nicro pressed the wire diameter can be measured with calipers or estimated with a ruler.
• Fitting Types: The most common fittings can be found in a section below. Request the fitting by name and we will select the correct one based on your wire diameter.
• Thread Direction: Threaded ends are either left or right handed. A right hand thread is the standard thread found on commonly available bolts but in the case of rigging turnbuckles the two threaded ends have to be opposite threads for the turnbuckle adjuster to work properly. The standard is for the swage fitting to have a Right Hand thread but it is not always the case. Always confirm the hand of your threaded fitting using the image below.

• Clevis Pin Sizes: The size of the clevis pin in eyes and forks is fairly standard but it is possible to have different size pins in fittings that work on the same diameter of wire. In some cases builders will drill out the fitting used on their boats in order to match up with hardpoints on the hull.
• Length of Wire: Fogh Marine uses the effective length of the wire for measurement also known as bearing point to bearing point. This method of measurement uses the point of contact or load at each end of the wire. In the case of an eye or toggle this is the outer edge of the hole.

Typical Bearing Points For Wire Length Measurement (click on images below)

Wire Fittings for Swage and Nicro Press

These copper nicro press stops are most often used to create lock points on halyards which correspond to mast mounted lock forks. They can be used whenever a stop or indicator is needed on a single wire.

Pricing and Availability

The oval sleeve is primarily used to create a loop at the end of a wire but can be used any time two wires need to be attached. Use with a thimble to create a hard loop or without for the tail end of a halyard being attached to a tensioning system.

Thimbles create a hard loop in a wire. When a wire rope has a loop on the end, there is a risk that it will bend too tightly. A thimble added inside the loop to stiffen it, and protect the cable from pinching and abrading on the inside. The use of thimbles in loops is a best practice when there are no space considerations (ie halyard entering a mast).

Closed thimbles do not have any sharp edges and are used when snags or chafe are a concern.

The Marine Eye is the standard wire end fitting. This eye has a larger clevis pin hole and a thicker, rounder eye compared to the aircraft type eye. Marine eyes are commonly used at the top of headstays and backstays when a fork or double strap fitting is found on the mast or using a masthead toggle. Also common at backstay bridles when double triangle plates are used to join the bridles to the primary backstay wire.

The Blue Wave Eye Terminal is a highly polished, load rated marine eye.

Aircraft Eyes are similar to the standard marine eye but with a more pronounced teardrop shape. Originally used in aircraft control cables and struts, the aircraft eye is thinner than a corresponding marine eye allowing it to fit narrow forks.

Aircraft Forks have a pronounced teardrop shape. Originally used in aircraft control cables and struts, the aircraft fork has a thinner opening than a corresponding marine fork allowing it to fit with reduced slop when attached to mast fittings. The narrow fork opening matches the thickness of the corresponding Alexander Roberts Aircraft Eye.

Toggles feature an articulating fork which in conjunction with the pivot at the clevis pin allows two axis of motion. This added adjustability allows the wire to pull evenly even if the deck or mast fitting is not completely aligned. This fitting is not common, however, as usually a turnbuckle with a swage stud at one end and a threaded toggle at the other.

Threaded Studs are usually found on the bottom of standing rigging. They allow sailors to tension the rigging through use of a turnbuckle. When choosing the stud it is best to match it to the wire and thread diameter as most manufacturer offer a variety of threaded diameters to match existing turnbuckle bodies.

Pricing for Wire Rigging Labour

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Swage tools.

Discussion in ' Boatbuilding ' started by Mychael , Nov 7, 2008 .

Mychael Mychael

Not sure if I'm posting in the right section for this question but here goes. I was thinking of buying a swageing tool, the kind that looks like a big pair of bolt cutters. What do people think of the value of getting one? How useful are they and what are their limitations? I know you could not use them for rigging but I wanted to re-do all the safety wire on my boat, put in new gates etc. Would it be okay for that sort of job? Would the likely savings over paying a rigger to make it all up for me cover the purchase cost? They seem to sell for around the $300+ mark over here. If I were to buy one what should I look for when choosing one? Mychael  

PAR Yacht Designer/Builder

There are three types of swaging tools available; machined, crimped and crushed. The tool that you can get cheaply ($50) is two pieces of metal, with holes for the sleeves and two bolts to crush the sleeve to size. These are fine for life lines, but I wouldn't trust one for rigging, though many do. The next tool is the crimper (bolt cutters looking thing). These run $200 to $300 and can be trusted for rigged, because the jaws can be adjusted, though on a highly strung rig, you're better off with machine made swage. The machine made swage (there's a couple of different types) are best and will maintain the most strength of the wire. Of course you have to have someone with a swaging machine (and a person that knows how to properly run it) perform the swaging operations on your wires. Not swaging, but now acceptable are the mechanical ends available. These are very good, but the most costly option. They can be installed by the boat owner with hand tools.  

Landlubber Senior Member

It depends on what it is you wish to swage. Trailer boats and off the beach boats can be hand swaged no worries, standing rigging for a yacht is usually roll swaged or die swaged in an hydraulic press.  

Landlubber said: ↑ It depends on what it is you wish to swage. Trailer boats and off the beach boats can be hand swaged no worries, standing rigging for a yacht is usually roll swaged or die swaged in an hydraulic press. Click to expand...

Meanz Beanz Boom Doom Gloom Boom

I disagree with Par... The first type of swaging tool he described is as good as the bolt cutter style in terms of strength for the sizes that they cover. The swage ends up compressed to exactly the same diameter and will be equal in strength. I have and use both. I would use neither on rigging any more than a dinghy, for more than that I would always use rolled swages. I make these comments knowing the tools that you will see on Chandlers shelves in Australia... there may be more powerful bolt cutter type tools that are up to more than the one's we generally see on the shelves but I would still opt for professionally done roll swages when doing standing rigging. The other thing to keep in mind with rigging is that our insurance companies are now quite strict with rigging check requirements and I am not sure any home done rigging would be acceptable to them. As for the little bolt up type swaging tools... 1. They produce a neater swage. 2. They are smaller and easier to stow away on board. 3. They are slower and more frustrating to use. 4. They are limited to the smaller sizes. The bolt up type tool will do what you need. My 2c  

Mychael said: ↑ It's a 265ft keel boat so I would never dream of doing rigging myself. Click to expand...

Meanz Beanz said: ↑ Yikes! Whats her name? Click to expand...

http://www.whitworths.com.au/main_i...solutePage=1&LinkedItem=83998&search123=swage Elizabeth St, City... or online SA http://www.binksonline.com.au/store/category156_1.htm  

The bolt together type can't be adjusted and wear out, not that a one time user will have issue with this. The bolt cutter type can be adjusted, though they don't make as neat a swage, it's stronger and can be relied on for trailer sailors. In fact, you note in the fine print of the bolt down type of tool, it clearly states not for rigging. The jaws can be changed on the bolt cutter type too.  

waikikin Senior Member

Mychael, there may be no need to buy one, some chandlers will loan it with a price tag deposit for return if you buy the wire & fittings from them & also some riggers will do the work very neatly at their premises for low cost(minimum hourly plus a margin on fittings) if you supply the measurements (at your risk of a wrong measurement). Regards from Jeff.  

Yeah mate, I have about 5 sets, you are welcome to borrow any of them.......I live in Brisbane though........  

PAR said: ↑ The bolt together type can't be adjusted and wear out, not that a one time user will have issue with this. The bolt cutter type can be adjusted, though they don't make as neat a swage, it's stronger and can be relied on for trailer sailors. In fact, you note in the fine print of the bolt down type of tool, it clearly states not for rigging. The jaws can be changed on the bolt cutter type too. Click to expand...

alan white Senior Member

In defense of hand swaging by way of the simplest tool, the two steel bars with half-holes, even for standing rigging on boats not highly loaded such as my 15 ft gaffer, Doubling the swage does far more than double the reliablilty of the sleeve--- and tripling it (for another couple of dollars) would produce an unbelievably reliable terminal. Ugly? Buehler recommends bulldog clamps I think. Now that's ugly! On my 23 ft cruiser, I spent on Norseman style terminals. On the gaffer, or other small boats I've owned, I've always replaced rigging with larger sizes for greater peace of mind. increasing wire size also contributes to reliability of the terminals. This comment is geared for those who are not wealthy, but who wish to sail on a budget. Hand-swaging standing rigging on a small (under one ton) sailboat is perfectly okay. Double the sleeves, and you will be fine. You'll also save a huge amount of cash.  

Stumble Senior Member

For lifelines I would get rid of the wire completely. The new composite lines are stronger, lighter, and actually less expensive, plus they don't have the annoying tendancy to rip arm hair out. I just made the switch on my Olson 30, and have been trhrilled by the results. It cost me about $400 to get all rope lifelines made, compared to over $650 for wire, and when the line needs replacement in 4 years or so (about 1/2 the lifespan of wire) the end fitting are reusable, and I will just need to replace the line. If you are going with wire, make sure to stay away from the vinal coated wire. That stuff has a long history of accellerating corrosion and leading to premature failure. Personally I would first price out having a local professional do the swagging, since it may not be as expensive as you think. Here they will do the labor almost for free to get the busines selling the components. And in my experience having a $300 tool you will only use infrequently is a large investment in storrage for it without a real use for it most of the time.  

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My swage tools (two groups of sizes) cost me under $100.00. My philosophy, which may not appeal to everyone, is to make every last part for my boat if I can. Yachting has become synonamous with ridiculously expensive and that's fine if you have a lot of money to blow, but for the rest of us, well, we want to sail and eat too. I would rather work on my own boat than work to earn the money to pay corporations and service people to make, supply, and service my boat. It's true that professionals do great work, and occasionally I have tig welding done, for example. But by and large, my enjoyment of boating includes the simplicity and elegance of doing as much as I can myself. I don't mean to disparage anyone who's chosen to define boat ownership as the usage of the boat alone. I only want to encourage the financially challenged to approach boating without feeling like they need to buy or be serviced when they build, modify or maintain.  

Does a NON-toxic cleaner exist to remove polyester & epoxy resin from hands & tools?

Anyone know what these tools are?!?!?!

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Stavropol Krai, Russia

The capital city of Stavropol krai: Stavropol .

Stavropol Krai - Overview

Stavropol Krai is a federal subject of Russia located in the central part of Ciscaucasia and on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus in the North-Caucasian Federal District. Stavropol is the capital city of the region.

The population of Stavropol Krai is about 2,780,200 (2022), the area - 66,160 sq. km.

Stavropol krai flag

Stavropol krai coat of arms.

Stavropol krai map, Russia

Stavropol krai latest news and posts from our blog:.

12 January, 2020 / Wooden Church of the Nativity of Mary in Rozhdestvenskaya .

2 December, 2019 / Tsvetnik - the Oldest Park in Pyatigorsk .

16 June, 2019 / Abandoned Uranium Mine in the Stavropol Region .

6 May, 2019 / Cathedral of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in Stavropol .

30 September, 2011 / Beautiful nature of Stavropol krai .

More posts..

News, notes and thoughts:

11 January, 2021   / The Kochubeevskaya wind farm with an installed capacity of 210 MW, the largest in Russia, has been commissioned in Stavropol Krai. With a total area of about 200 hectares, it includes 84 wind turbines, each 150 meters high, the length of the blades - 50 meters.

History of Stavropol Krai

The most ancient archaeological finds date back to the 4th millennium BC. The territory of the present Stavropol region was successively part of the state of the Scythians (the 7th - 5th centuries BC), Sarmatians (the 3rd century BC - the 3rd century AD), Huns (the 4th - 5th centuries AD).

Later, from 620 to 969, this territory was part of the ancient state called the Khazar Khaganate. Approximately in the 8th century, with the weakening of the Khazar Kaganate, the medieval state of the Alans appeared here. In 1238-1239, a significant part of the plain Alania was captured by the Mongols, and this state as a political entity ceased to exist.

In 1556, the Russian troops took Astrakhan and opened the way to the North Caucasus and the Caspian Sea. In Ciscaucasia, the interests of Russia, the Ottoman Empire, the Crimean Khanate, and Iran collided.

In 1777, according to the decree of Catherine II, the Azov-Mozdok defensive line was founded, which gave rise to colonization of the Ciscaucasia and the North Caucasus. The territory of the Stavropol region became part of Astrakhan oblast. In November 1777, the fortress called Stavropolskaya was founded. In 1782, about 500 retired soldiers lived there.

More historical facts…

In 1785, in connection with the development of Ciscaucasia, the Caucasian guberniya (province) was created that included the Caucasian and Astrakhan regions. Since that time, Stavropol officially became one of the six county-level towns of the Caucasus region.

With the development of the Ciscaucasia, Stavropol was gaining an increasing importance as an important trade and transit center. It became a kind of the main gate of the Caucasus. In 1822, the Caucasian province was transformed into an oblast and Stavropol became its center. After the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, a lot of its participants were sent here. In 1837 - 1841, Mikhail Lermontov, exiled to the Caucasus, visited Stavropol several times.

In 1847, the Caucasian oblast was reformed into Stavropol gubernia. With the formation of the Kuban and Terek Cossack regions and the end of the Caucasian War, the military-political and economic importance of Stavropol significantly reduced.

In 1919, the Stavropol province was occupied by the Bolsheviks and included in the territory of the North Caucasian Soviet Republic. As a result of the Second Kuban campaign the region went under the control of the Volunteer Army.

In October 1924, the North Caucasian region was formed and Stavropol gubernia was reformed into a district within the region. On January 10, 1934, the North Caucasian Krai was divided into the Azovo-Chernomorsky and North Caucasian. The town of Pyatigorsk became the center of North Caucasian Krai. In March 1936, North Caucasian Krai was reformed and, on its territory, Ordzhonikidze Krai with the center in Ordzhonikidze (Stavropol) was formed.

During the Second World War, from August 1942 to January 1943, the region was occupied by the German troops. In 1943, Ordzhonikidze Krai was renamed Stavropol Krai. In December 1956, the first part of the Stavropol-Moscow gas pipeline with a length of 1,300 km was commissioned (at that time, it was the longest gas pipeline in Europe).

During the 1970s-1980s, 56 new enterprises were opened in the region, among them the Prikumsky Plastics Plant - the largest chemical plant in the region, four power units at the Stavropol power station, and new capacities at the Nevinnomyssk enterprise “Azot”.

On July 3, 1991, Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region withdrew from Stavropol Krai and became the Karachay-Cherkess Soviet Socialist Republic. On April 21, 1992, it became the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia of the Russian Federation.

Steppe landscapes of Stavropol Krai

Stavropol Krai landscape

Author: Valeriy Kharchenko

In the fields of the Stavropol region

Author: Dvornikov Mikhail

Stavropol Krai nature

Author: Zhukova Elena

Stavropol Krai - Features

Stavropol Krai stretches for 285 km from north to south and 370 km from west to east. The climate is temperate continental. The average temperature in January is minus 5 degrees Celsius (in mountains - down to -10), in July - plus 22-25 degrees Celsius (in mountains - +14).

The main natural resources are natural gas, oil, polymetals containing uranium, building materials. Mineral medicinal waters are a special riches of the region.

The Caucasian Mineral Waters is Russia’s largest resort region, which has no analogues in the whole of Eurasia for the richness and diversity of mineral waters and therapeutic mud. The healing properties of “narzan”, one of the popular local mineral waters, are known throughout Russia. The name can be translated into Russian as “Hercules’ beverage”, “Water of Hercules”.

The largest cities and towns are Stavropol (458,200), Pyatigorsk (145,500), Kislovodsk (127,300), Nevinnomyssk (114,400), Yessentuki (117,200), Mikhailovsk (94,500), Mineralnye Vody (72,400), Georgievsk (64,400), Budennovsk (59,600).

Stavropol Krai - Economy

The main industries of Stavropol Krai are engineering, production and processing of oil and natural gas, electric power industry, food (winemaking, butter, sugar), chemical (mineral fertilizers in Nevinnomyssk), building materials (glass in Mineralnye Vody), light (wool in Nevinnomyssk, leather in Budennovsk).

Agriculture specializes in growing grain and sunflower, the leading role in livestock breeding belongs to cattle breeding, fine-wool sheep breeding. Horticulture, viticulture, poultry farming, pig breeding, beekeeping are widespread. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the local economy, which employs more than 156 thousand people.

The main highway M29 “Caucasus” passes through Nevinnomyssk, Mineralnye Vody and Pyatigorsk. There are international airports in Stavropol (Shpakovskoye) and Mineralnye Vody. This region has a very dense and extensive network of pipelines.

Attractions of Stavropol Krai

A large number of various interesting places are concentrated on the territory of the Stavropol region. Here are just a few of the most famous sights:

• Proval - a lake and a natural cave on the southern slope of Mount Mashuk in Pyatigorsk. The cave is a cone-shaped funnel with a height of 41 m, at the bottom of which there is a karst lake of mineral water of pure blue color;
• Monument to Lermontov in Pyatigorsk at the place where the poet was fatally wounded during the duel;
• Lake Tambukan (Black Lake), located near Pyatigorsk, is known for its unique healing mud;
• Therapeutic park, mineral springs, Balneary mud baths named after Semashko in the resort city of Yessentuki;
• Resort park in Kislovodsk is very popular with tourists. The territory of the park is huge. Here you can find a drinking gallery, ponds, grottoes, and the famous valley of roses. Plants growing in the park make the air unusually clean and healthy;
• Koltso (Ring) Mount near Kislovodsk. Under the influence of natural factors, a ring with a diameter of 8 meters was formed in the center of the rock;
• Pushkin Gallery (1901), the Emir of Bukhara Palace, the Cave of Permafrost, Zheleznaya Mount in the resort town of Zheleznovodsk.

Stavropol krai of Russia photos

Stavropol Krai scenery

Paved road in Stavropol Krai

Author: A.Kostin

Winter in Stavropol Krai

Author: Kabatov V.

Small river in the Stavropol region

Author: Alex Stanin

Understand [ edit ]

The city was founded in 1777. It was first a fortress to defend the Southern borders of Russia. The city's name is of Greek origin and translated as "the city of a cross". Stavropol is the capital of the Stavropol Krai (one of Russia's territorial districts). Its population as of 2021 is around 350,000 people. It is a geographically and economically strategic city, an also a place where people from the nearby distressed Caucasus areas come to relax.

Get in [ edit ]

By plane [ edit ].

You can also fly from Saint Petersburg or Moscow to Mineralnye Vody and then take a bus/minivan to Stavropol.

Or to Krasnodar with various low-cost airlines like UTair or Nordwind. Krasnodar is about 300 km from Stavropol, and it takes on average 5 hours to drive from there by bus or a minivan.

Get around [ edit ]

Buy [ edit ]

There is the Galereya next to the Alexander Area. Or there is:

• 45.05013 41.98504 1 Yevropeyskiy , Prospekt Karla Marksa, 47, Stavropol . daily 08:00-22:00 (maybe more like 08:45 opening on Su) . Modern shopping mall and cinema. The Lower Market (a giant open food marketplace is just behind it). ( updated Feb 2021 )

Eat [ edit ]

• "Akropol" — a mainly Greek cuisine restaurant;
• 45.04192 41.96508 1 Theater Cafe ( "Teatral'noye" ), Ulitsa Mikhaila Morozova, 1 ( just opposite the Stavropol Drama Theatre ), ☏ +7 865 271 22 10 . daily 08:00-23:00 . a cafe where prices are in the upper medium range, a rather pleasant environment ( updated Feb 2021 )

Drink [ edit ]

• 45.05004 41.98307 1 BAR XXXX STAVROPOL , Ulitsa Goleneva, 37 , ☏ +7 865 290 27 87 . W-Su 18ː00-08ː00 . Lively place. ( updated Feb 2021 )

Connect [ edit ]

Wireless internet [ edit ].

There was the WiFi-Anet commercial network in Stavropol.

Go next [ edit ]

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