sunfish sailboat keel

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sunfish keel repair

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cederholm said: Hi all, I'm new to sailing and have acquired a sunfish to learn to sail in. The hull is in good shape overall, but has suffered keel rash from multiple beach launchings. The fiberglass is structurally sound, but the gel coat is warn away to the cloth weaving. I've done a bit of research and understand the difference between waxed and unwaxed gel coat. But I'm not sure how many coats or how thick I should make the gel coat. Any advice would be greatly appreciated. ~ Carl PS - I have worked with fiberglass in the past as well as different auto finishes. ...if that matters at all. Click to expand...

I use unwaxed gelcoat then spray with PVA and let cure. The PVA washes off with water the next day. Get some PreVal sprayers to apply the products. I get them from Home Depot.  

Carl, For a restoration type of a job, gelcoat is certainly the way to go. As you can tell, running the hull up on the beach (or boat ramp) takes a toll over time. I'm a big fan of unwaxed gelcoat, since you can apply additional coats without having to sand after each one. Another option you may want to consider is simply painting the naked glass. The only time it's gonna show is when it's on the trailer or when you don't ease the mainsheet or round up in time (which is one of the great/fun things with a Sunfish!).  

Thanks all! PorFin, what type of paint would you use for something like this? Thanks, Carl  

First, you are going to enjoy having a Sunfish to play around on this summer on the LI Sound. Great boat for learning the basics. I help out a youth sailing program that uses about 10 Sunfish hulls to get early teens out on the water. Besides instructing and amusing the kids I get to do repair work to these boats. Like most boats, Sunfish hulls have fiberglass (epoxy & cloth) coated with gel coat when new. The fiberglass provides the structural strength and the gel coat is more of a protective layer. An optimal repair would be to repair any fiberglass and then gel coat over that. This can involve a bit of time & lots of sanding to make it look nice. With several boats to repair at one time I don't have the patience to deal with gel coat. I repair any holes with cloth & epoxy, sand that smooth and paint with a spray can of auto paint. Paint scratches can be re-painted as needed. Probably a 2 part marine epoxy paint would be better than the auto paint I use but we just try to make the boats use able for the kids rather than make them perfect. A word of caution about old Sunfish hulls; leaky hulls. We have a number of leaky hulls in our fleet of nearly 20 Sunfish. Once enough water gets inside the hull the boat can become unmanageable to sail as the new internal ballast (water) moves around inside the hull. For this reason we install a drain plug in the "transom" of the hull so it can be drained after each 3 hour session, or as needed.  

Hey CalebD, Some great advice, thank you! I see you're also in NYC, do you sail around the city? ~ Carl  

The Sunfish program I help out with is in Hempstead Harbor on the Sound, where I learned how to sail many moons ago. We keep our 27' boat up the Hudson near the Tappan Zee bridge but sailed it there from the Sound. Some people do keep boats around NYC (79th St. boat basin, Newport, Liberty Landing, Sheepshead Bay) but I prefer to pass through NYC's waterways rather than day sail there. Too much traffic and I guess I prefer more natural scenery than the urban landscape. Also the costs for keeping a boat right here in NYC are quite high.  

Yes, the thought of sailing these waters is pretty intimidating to me. I'll be learning and sailing in the sound off of Ct. btw - with all your sunfish repairing, if you happen to run across a serviceable "newer" style rudder and hardware, I'm in need. I don't mind an old tattered one. Thanks again for the advice. Carl  

One thing to check might be whether an old Sunfish might have a gap in the hull to deck joint that could let water in and make the boat too nasty (heavy with water) to sail after a while. Soap and a hair dryer (with hull openings closed except for the one used by the hair dryer) might be useful tools for finding any hull leaks.  

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Sunfish Boat Specifications

The sailplan requires just 2 lines to control and the boat can be set up in less than 5 minutes. the patented kick-up rudder system allows full beach landings with no problems. the hard-chined hull and low sail plan provide unmatched stability and a forgiving feel. the sunfish hull is light enough to throw on top of your car with ease, and the bulletproof laser performance construction ensures that your sunfish will provide years of virtually maintenance free enjoyment. the sunfish combines performance, stability and durability in a package that appeals to beginners and experts alike., if it's racing you crave, the international sunfish class has a full time staff that sanctions more than 1000 events each year. add the hundreds of local and regional events to that list and you can stay pretty busy racing your sunfish. the class will keep you posted with its quarterly magazine "windward leg" and provide valuable preformance tips. the elegant simplicity, performance, and intelligent economy of the sunfish is unmatched. the sunfish enjoys fantastic resale value. old or young, tall or short, expert or beginner, the sunfish will provide you with years of fun and write your ticket to the wet world of wind. you will find sunfish in resorts around the world and in your own backyard. when you are ready for hassle-free fun in the sun give us a call to learn more about today's sunfish., highlights: convenient storage in the back of cockpit which is perfect for extra gear or a cooler. patented kick-up rudder makes beach launches, landings, and shallow-water sailing effortless. self-bailing cockpit hydrodynamic daggerboard maximizes upwind performance. lateen rigged sail:  automatically depowers when hit by a gust of wind  two sides of the sail are supported which ensures durability  easy to rig and derig mainsheet is the only control line that you need to use to enjoy the simple pleasures of sailing a sunfish. simple main halyard is one of the two lines on the sunfish, it hoists and lowers the sail in a matter of seconds, enabling spontaneous enjoyment of the water stainless steel bow handle: facilitates carrying, docking, and holding the boat into the wind while launching or loading molded in keel is designed to take the abuse of repeated beach landings.

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Sunfish Hull Repair – Shoreline Method

Keel repair – old method

One of our customers wanted us to repair damage that was done to his Sunfish hull during a storm on Lake Ontario. Looking at videos we found that many people cut out the damage on a keel area and replace it with newly laid fiberglass. If the keel was completely worn away we might be forced to choose this method, but many times all that will be needed is a long crack repair.

In this video we demonstrate our Shoreline method that requires less removal of original material. The method also requires the installation of fiberglass battens as backer cleats to support the newly repaired section. With our method we will be able to maintain the original profile of the hull more successfully than tying to rebuild a section that has been cut away.

This video shows our experiment used on a very small area of damage on a keel We will post the next video showing a much more substantial crack, and how our batten method was applied.

Batten method – a more surgical technique

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How To Rig A Sunfish Sailboat? (Step By Step Guide)

Sunfish sailboats are a lot of fun and easy to use. They are a great boat to have at your dock for the kids or adults to play around on. The only daunting part is rigging the sunfish, which is actually not that hard. This article will guide you through the process of rigging your sunfish.

Before you start taking steps to rig your sunfish there are a few things to keep in mind. See below.

The three knots your need to know for rigging a sunfish are listed below:

• Cleat Hitch

Another important tip to remember is, that rigging sunfish or laser-type boats can be done if different ways. This is a basic setup and can be used on most sunfish boats. Let’s start rigging!

1. Attach the rudder to your sunfish sailboat.

The rudder is the first item you will connect to your sunfish. Make sure to slide the tiller of the rudder under the traveler line.

2. Point your sunfish boat into the wind.

Pointing your sunfish sailboat into the wind will make it easier when raising your sail. It is the same even if you are on a large boat out in the ocean. Raising the mainsail is always easier when the wind isn’t hitting it.

3. Lay the spars and sail on the port side.

This step is where you will bring out the sail, boom, and mast for setup. Make sure the halyard is free of entanglement.

4. Run the halyard through the mast cap.

Make sure the line is run through the mast cap to the side of the mast with the cleat. This way you will be able to raise the sail and cleat it off.

5. Raise the mast and insert it into the mast step.

Run the mast through the gooseneck before inserting it into the mast step in the deck.

6. Pull the halyard to raise the sail and upper boom.

This step will raise the sail and booms. If the sail is not going all the way up, you may need to lift on the gooseneck while pulling the halyard. This will be difficult if you skipped step 2. Once the sail is all the way up, cleat it off with a cleat hitch knot. If the cleat is on the opposite side of the mast go back to step 4.

7. Rig the mainsheet by running it through the block.

The block will only turn in one direction so make sure to feed it through correctly. If it turns both ways it will still work, but it will be harder on your arms. Tie a stopper knot at the end of the sheet. Figure 8 knot should work great. The other end of the sheet gets tied to the traveler with a bowline knot.

8. Attach the daggerboard to the mast.

Daggerboards go down through the middle of the boat and act as the keel for the sunfish. You always want a safety bungee attached to the daggerboard and the mast in case you flip over. You do not want it sinking to the bottom of the ocean.

9. Put the boat into the water.

Once you get your boat into the water, double-check all lines are positioned correctly. Also, put the daggerboard into the water, as long as it isn’t too shallow. If it is too shallow, wait until you get into deeper water.

Video Guide For Rigging A Sunfish Sailboat

The video below shows a more in-depth walkthrough of rigging a sunfish sailboat. Even if you don’t have this exact type of boat it can be applied to yours in some ways.

If you would like to learn more about Sunfish sailboats keep reading!

History Of Sunfish Sailboats

Sunfish was developed by Alcort, INC and first appeared around 1952 as the “next generation” improvement on their original boat, the sailfish. In contrast, the Sunfish has a wider beam for more stability, an increased freeboard, and the addition of a foot-well for a more comfortable sailing position. Sunfish began as a wood hull design and progressed to fiberglass construction just a few years after its introduction.

The Alcort Company was created by Alex Bryan and Cortlandt Heyniger in 1945. They began this company by building iceboats. While building iceboats, they were approached by the Red Cross to build a prototype for a lifesaving paddleboard. They decided to improve the idea and came up with more of a sailing canoe style instead of a paddleboard. After designing this canoe they thought they had a new money-making idea, and they did. This is when the Sailfish was born.

Bryan’s wife suggested a boat where she would be able to put her feet into a small cockpit. This changed the design from Sailfish to Sunfish.

They continued making boats for years. Originally these boats were all wood, which I personally love, and wish I had one, but in 1960 the first fiberglass model came out and wood boats were eventually phased out. Take a look at the timeline below for more key dates in the Sunfish life.

• 1969 – American Machine and Foundry (AMF) took over production.
• 1971 – A storage compartment was added to the rear of the cockpit.
• 1995 – The Sunfish is inducted into the American Sailboat Hall of Fame.
• 1997 – Vanguard takes over making Sunfish sailboats.
• 2007 – Laser is now the maker of Sunfish sailboats.

Now you might be asking yourself how much are these and where can I get one? Keep reading to find out!

How Much Does A Sunfish Sailboat Cost? – Where To Buy

A new sunfish sailboat will cost you between $4000 and $6000 dollars. You can go to Sunfish Direct and design your own boat. I did a test of this and mine would have cost me $4885 dollars, if I picked it up from their facility.

Sunfish Direct is a great place to go if you have the money for a new boat and want to design it yourself. I did a basic setup in my design and found the price to be very fair. You don’t have to go with a new one though.

You can go to Smart Marine Guide and find them for much cheaper. You won’t get the exact style or color you want probably, but it is still a great option to go used. I have seen them for $500 on this site, but you have to live near where it is of course. There are a lot of options though.

If you just need parts I recommend going to the link below. It is Sunfish Directs amazon page and they have everything you need.

In Conclusion

This article was all about Sunfish Sailboats and how to rig them. Remember this is a basic rigging setup and can be altered in many ways. The important thing to remember is to do what is best for your situation. If you are thinking of buying a sunfish, use the links in the “How Much Does A Sunfish Sailboat Cost” section. If all you are looking for is parts, click the sunfish direct button above. They will have everything you need. I hope this article helps you with your sunfish sailboat. Let me know by contacting BoatlifeHQ.

Boatlifehq owner and author/editor of this article.

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What Is a Sailboat Keel and How Does it Work?

Keels are an essential part of any boat's design and determine handling properties, durability, and comfort. To understand why they matter, we must understand how they work first.

On this page:

The basics of sailboat keels explained, the importance of sailboat keels, keel design basics, what is a keel.

The keel is a structural member of a boat which runs length-wise across the hull from front to back. It is the lowest part of any hull and the backbone of a ship or boat. Sailboats use deep-running keel designs which extend out of the hull. They can be made from timber, metal, or fiberglass.

What does a keel look like?

Sailboat keels typically look like a long fin, or flat blade, at the bottom of the hull, which runs down for about 1.5 meters. While most modern sailboats use fin keels, the full keel is integrated into the hull, resulting in a more triangular shape that is shallow at the front and deeper at the back.

Since keel designs differ, the exact shape also differs. Here is a clear diagram showing the differences between different sailboat keel designs:

Where is the keel on a boat located?

The keel is located in the center of the bottom of the boat's hull, combining both hull sides. Sailboat keels extend out from the hull downwards. Depending on the exact keel design, the extended part can run from stem to stern, or just narrowly in the center of the boat's hull.

What does a keel do?

Keels help boats maintain course by countering the current and wind. They also stabilize boats by reducing roll and heel angle. Roll is the tendency of boats with round hulls to roll over. Heeling is the tendency of sailboats to heel due to the force of the wind on the sails.

How does a keel work?

Keels provide sideways resistance to reduce slippage. Sailboat keels usually carry iron or lead ballast in their tip to act as a counterweight to the wind's force on the sails, which reduces heeling. The keel's length acts as a lever, increasing the ballast's effectiveness and improving its stabilizing properties.

In other words, the deeper the keel runs and the heavier its ballast is, the more stable the boat will be.

Slippage simply means falling of course due to the current and wind.

The keel ballast lowers the center of gravity of the boat and counteracts the buoyancy of its displacement hull. As the boat tilts, the center of gravity and center of buoyancy move downwards, reducing the heel angle. This is called righting moment . More righting moment results in less heel angle.

Keels also increase the wetted surface of a boat. Wetted surface is simply the amount of surface underwater. The larger the wetted surface, the more resistance there is. Sailboats are among the boat designs with the largest relative wetted surface. A larger wetted surface increases sideways resistance which reduces slippage to leeward, helping to maintain course.

Do all sailboats need a keel?

All sailboats need a keel. Without it, a sailboat would very easily capsize due to a combination of hull design and wind force on the sails. Sailboats have displacement hulls, which tend to roll easily. Wind force is multiplied through the mast, which acts as a lever, and could capsize the boat if it didn't had a keel.

The displacement hull design is also used on canoes, and if you've ever tried to enter one a bit too quickly, you'll know how quickly they roll over.

However, there are sailboats that use a different hull design, which reduces the need for a keel or enables them to use alternative keel designs.

Do all sailboats have a keel?

Nearly all sailboats have some sort of keel. However, not all sailboats have a typical, deep-running fin keel, since not all need one, and in some cases, a shoal draft is desired.

For example, some sailboat designs use leeboards or removable keels, like daggerboards, which enable a boat to enter much more shallow waters.

What is a boat without a keel called?

Boats without a keel are called sailing dinghies. These small boats (under 20 feet) use a flat-bottomed hull design to stabilize instead of a keel. This makes them useful for entering shallow waters and beaching.

Examples of sailboats without a typical keel

• Barges , which use flat-bottomed hulls to reduce heel
• Sailing dinghies , which have a flat-bottomed hull and no keel
• Sunfish and lasers , which often use removable daggerboards

Two examples of sailboats with alternative keels are Dutch barges and Cornish Crabbers. Dutch barges use leeboards , while the Cornish Crabber uses a swing keel , which can be lifted or lowered according to water depth.

Sailing dinghies, sunfish, and lasers typically use no keel or come with daggerboards, which can be removed. They capsize easily and often, which is why you'll see so many toppled sailboats drifting across the lake at sailing camps.

Can you sail without a keel?

You can sail without a keel, however, you could easily capsize and would experience a lot of roll and heel. To prevent capsizing, you would need a different hull design. Historic sailboats without keels use flat-bottomed hulls to prevent excessive roll and capsizing.

The Dutch barge design actually uses a very flat bottom instead of a full round displacement hull, which makes it a bit faster, stiffer, and counters heel just by the hull design alone. But even these sailboats require some sort of stabilization, which is provided in this case by their leeboards.

Can a sailboat rest on its keel?

Most keel constructions can support the weight of the sailboat, but depending on the design, proper precautions need to be taken. Boats resting on a fin keel or full keel will require additional support. The bilge keel (or twin keel) is specifically designed to rest upright in tidal waters.

Fin keel sailboats can sag over their length over time. Other keel designs spread the weight over a larger surface, like the full keel.

The most common sailboat keel types

There are dozens of keel designs and variants out there. The most common ones are the full keel , fin keel , and centerboard . Each of these designs has different properties. Full keels handle better in rough conditions, while fin keels are easier to maneuver in and out of slips.

Discussing them all here would be beyond the scope of this article, but I've described the most common keel types and their properties in my illustrated guide. If you want to learn more about the different designs, I recommend you read that.

How deep is a keel?

On average, keels are between 1 and 2 meters deep , in order to get through the surface drift layer of the water. Some keel designs run less deep, like full keels, which require less depth due to increased weight and wetted surface, or alternative designs like leeboards, which only touch the water's surface.

The water's surface drift layer is the layer of water directly affected by the wind.

How heavy is a sailboat keel?

Most sailboats carry around 35-40% of their total weight in their keel. With an average cruising sailboat weighing 15.000 pounds, the average keel weighs between 5.000-6.000 pounds . However, the total required weight is not just determined by sailboat weight, but also by sail area and the length of the keel.

Deeper keels provide more leverage, reducing weight need. A larger sail area increases weight requirement.

What material are sailboat keels made of?

Sailboat keels are typically made of reinforced fiberglass layers, steel, or wood, depending on the hull material, boat model, and build year. Keel ballast in the tip is usually made of lead, iron, concrete, or even water.

How are keels attached to boats?

Some keels are integral to the hull's structure, like the full keel or modified full keel. Other keels are bolted onto the hull, like the fin keel, wing keel, or bulb keel. With this design, the top of the keel slides into a vertical keel box inside the hull and is bolted in place using keel bolts.

What is a skeg keel?

A skeg keel is a type of rudder design in which the rudder is integrated into the keel design, for example with full keels or modified full keels, therefore providing protection against damage from collisions and waste.

What is the chord of a keel?

A chord is a term used to describe the length of any edge on a keel, whether it's the leading edge, trailing edge, or top edge connecting to the hull. The top edge is referred to as the 'root end', while the length of this edge is called the 'root chord'.

• Source: David Vacant, published on repository TU Delft

The difference between the rudder and the keel

While the keel and rudder design can overlap, the rudder is generally the most aft part, while the keel sits in front of the rudder. The rudder is used to set a course, while the keel's function is to provide directional stability and prevent roll.

The difference between the keel and the hull

While in some keel designs the hull and keel are integrated, like, for example, full and modified full keels, with other designs, the keel is bolted onto the hull, like the case with fin keels. The hull is the bottom of the boat, while the keel is the fin below the bottom of the boat. The hull provides buoyancy, while the keel provides stability.

Keel replacement cost

Leave a comment, you may also like, sailboat keel types: illustrated guide (bilge, fin, full).

The keel type is one of the most important features of your boat. But the different designs can be confusing, so I've set out to create a very clear guide that will …

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Super Sunfish

Super Sunfish is a 13 ′ 10 ″ / 4.2 m monohull sailboat designed by Alexander Bryan/Cortland Heyniger/Carl Meinart and built by AMF Corp. and Alcort between 1974 and 1984.

Rig and Sails

Auxilary power, accomodations, calculations.

The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.

Classic hull speed formula:

Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWL

Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio .311 Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL

Sail Area / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.

SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64) 2/3

• SA : Sail area in square feet, derived by adding the mainsail area to 100% of the foretriangle area (the lateral area above the deck between the mast and the forestay).
• D : Displacement in pounds.

Ballast / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.

Ballast / Displacement * 100

Displacement / Length Ratio

A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat’s D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.

D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds.
• LWL: Waterline length in feet

Comfort Ratio

This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat’s hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat’s motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.

Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL + .3 LOA) x Beam 1.33 )

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds
• LOA: Length overall in feet
• Beam: Width of boat at the widest point in feet

Capsize Screening Formula

This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.

CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)

The SUPER SUNFISH is a version of the standard SUNFISH offered with an unstayed cat rig. A kit was also available to use on an existing SUNFISH. The idea had developed a few years earlier using a slightly more complex rig (FORMULA S). AMF adopted this, their own version, which was availble for 10 years beginning in 1974. The smaller MINIFISH was available with a similar option.

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The Best Small Sailboat For Beginners. 8 Great Boat Options

Updated March 20th, 2024

If you are new to sailing and want to get a boat, what should you get? There are tons of sailboats out there on Craigslist, eBay, and Marketplace. Prices can range from free to a hundred thousand or more. What should you get for your first sailboat? Keep reading below to learn a little more about sailboats and what you should look for. I also have my picks for the best small sailboat for beginners.

What makes a sailboat good for beginners?

I learned to sail in middle school and have done it regularly since then. I spent my college summers working as a children’s sailing school instructor at a few yacht clubs around the US. I’ve raced sailboats a ton too on all kinds of boats from collegiate buoy racing too overnight long distance races. After years of doing this, I am way more of a go sailing for fun kind of guy than someone who lives for the competition.

For anyone thinking about learning to sail, it’s not that hard to learn sailing basics. You can teach yourself watching Youtube vidoes but it wouldn’t hurt to take a sailing lesson just to learn the basic sailing terms and see a live hands on demonstration of how to sail.

Here is what I have learned over the years for which boats make learning to sail easier.

Easy to sail

You need a boat that is easy to sail. You don’t want to get a boat that capsizes super easily. You want a stable boat that can tolerate some mistakes without sending you into the drink. You want a boat that isn’t too overpowered so it won’t feel terrifying if the wind picks up while you are out.

Easy to rig

You want a boat you can rig and put together easily. If it’s a trailerable boat you need a mast you can put up and down without hurting your back or needing a bunch of tricks. A racing boat with a lot of sail controls may have a ton of things you need to hook up when rigging it and lots of adjustments depending on wind conditions. A recreational day sailing boat may have very few. As a beginner sailor looking for a boat, less is more. You want something that leans towards, lift the mast, put the sails on, hoist, and go.

What exactly is a small sailboat anyways? A read an article recently in a popular sailboat cruising magazine. They labeled a 36 footer as a “compact cruising yacht”. There is nothing compact or small about a 36 footer. Bigger sailboats react slower to steering and sail controls. A larger boat will have a lot more momentum when you are trying to get on and off the dock. The bigger the boat, the more load and force on all the lines and sails.

I recommend learning to sail first on something simple like a Sunfish. A little 14 foot sailing dinghy that can hold 1 or 2 adults. If your more ambitious and want to start with a boat you could go cruising in then a Catalina 25 or 27 are good choices. You really should not go any bigger than that for your first boat. A Catalina 30 weighs twice as much as a Catalina 27 and you can’t just easily push it around the dock. A 30 footer should be saved for your second or later boat.

Dinghy vs keelboat

Your first sailboat can be a dinghy without a keel or a keelboat. Small keelboats can make really good learning boats. With most keelboats you don’t need to worry about capsizing. If you go with a dinghy get something that is easy to upright.

Flying Scots are used for learning sailboats in many places including a sailing club I used to belong too. They are big stable and tubby. They are horrible to upright if you do manage to capsize them. You will need help from a powerboat to do it. If you go for a dinghy with no keel, it is better to stick to 15 feet or under so you can upright it without outside help. The 16 to 20 foot dinghy is where it can take some skill to self rescue yourself after a capsize if it’s possible at all.

If you decide to get a 20 to 25 foot keelboat, it is easiest to keep them at a marina with a hoist or preferably in the water. Trailer launching keelboats is a challenge even with a swing keel because of how deep you need to get them in the water to float off the trailer.

Minimal sail controls

When you learn to sail, all you really need are a halyard to hoist the mainsail, a sheet to control the mainsail. You don’t really need anything else to be adjustable. That is all you need to sail upwind, downwind, or any other point of sail. Everything else is extra for a beginner.

1 or 2 sails

When you learn to sail all you need is a mainsail. The near perfect learning sailboat is the Sunfish which has a lateen rig with only 1 sail. It has really simple controls and you can rig it wrong and it will still sail for you.

It is okay to learn to sail on a sloop rigged boat with 2 sails. A mainsail and a headsail or jib. Stop there.

You don’t need a spinnaker. Ask anyone who has raced sailboats and they will have stories about what went wrong with a spinnaker. Spinnakers are responsible for breaking more stuff on a sailboat than anything else.

There are boats out there with 2 or more masts such as a ketch or yawl. The second mast is called a mizzen mast. Don’t even think of getting one of these either. It’s just more distraction and things that can break or go wrong. You don’t want a cutter rigged sloop. These have 2 headsails which you again don’t need or want.

Tiller steering

Your first boat should have tiller steering. Don’t get a boat with wheel steering. The wheel mechanism has a lot of drag and slop in it and you won’t feel how the boat is reacting. A tiller lets you immediately feel the boat is out of balance. A tiller is easier to learn to sail upwind with by learning to push it towards or away from the sail. Wheel steering is less intuitive. Stay away from that big cruise with a wheel.

Trailerable boats vs marinas

I grew up in central Pennsylvania where we had small lakes to sail on. This meant a trailerable small boat when we got our first sailboat. I currently live in Michigan near the Great Lakes. Most boats I’ve had as an adult have lived at a marina and not at my house.

If you want to sail more often, keep it rigged at a marina so you have to do the very least possible to get it out on the water. I use my sailboats way more often when I don’t have to hook it up to a car, drag it to the lake, rig it and do the reverse to go home. The downside is cost. Keeping even a Sunfish at a marina or yacht club can cost a lot.

If you want to experience sailing on a low budget, trailering smaller boats is a fine way to go. If you want more convenience and your willing to pay for it consider keeping your boat rigged at a marina.

Portable boats (multi-section hull or inflatable)

There are a few new entries in the boating world that focus on making the boat easier to store and transport. These involve either inflatable hulls or a folding or multi-section hull. These let you store the boat in your garage, large closet or spare room. You can fit them in the back of a small SUV for transport without roof racks or a trailer. 2 great examples of these are the Tiwal inflatable sailboat and Minicat inflatable catamaran.

Commonly available and easy to get parts

Stuff will break on your sailboat if you use it enough. Some parts on a boat are really generic such as pullies, blocks and lines. Other parts are not such as boom or mast end fittings, rudders, etc… There are a lot of cheap boats out on Craigslist. There are a million old 15 foot 2 person sloop rigged sailing dinghies out there in people’s yards. Before buying any of these make sure that all the parts are there. Do not buy one without seeing it rigged with sails up first.

If your not sure find an experienced sailor friend who sails to go look at it with you. If anything is broken look up to see if you can get a replacement part. For many of these old boats, replacement parts are impossible to find which is why they are being given away for not much or free.

If a boat has an active racing class still, there is a good chance replacement parts are available. Racers go out in high winds and push the boat which means they break stuff. Boats like a Sunfish or Laser that are still produced and raced all over are easy to get sails and spare parts.

Keep it inexpensive

When you are buying your starter boat, know that it won’t be your last boat. You will learn what you like and don’t like and you’ll want another boat. There is a disease among sailors called “Threefootitis”. No matter how big a boat you buy, you will always want one at least a 3 feet bigger boat. Don’t spend a ton on your first sailboat. There are tons of Sunfish out there for under $1000 and even under $500. I once got one for free that was still in racing condition. The biggest boat you should consider, something like a Catalina 27, can be had for well under $5000. Under $10,000 for a fully optioned one with wheel steering and a diesel inboard.

See our guide to how much does a small sailboat cost to learn more about what it costs to buy a sailboat.

My top 8 picks for the best small sailboat for beginners

1 – minicat inflatable catamaran.

Minicat makes a line of inflatable catamarans. They are available in a few sizes and suitable for children up to a few adults. Minicat’s use an inflatable hulls with a multi-piece mast and trampoline. The whole thing can be put away in 1 to 2 bags that are 6ft x 1ft x 1ft. They will easily fit in the back of an SUV with the rear seats folded or easily tied to a roof rack.=

The Minicat can hit high speeds just like a solid hulled catamaran. They have a full length fin down each hull to generate power. They are as fun to sail as any traditional hobie cat or other beach catameran but much easier to transport and store.

The Minicat 420 is their most popular design. It is about the same size as a Hobie 14 and good for up to 4 adults. You can learn more about or get one from Great Lakes Watercraft .

2 – Tiwal Inflatable Sailboats

Tiwal makes a line of 3 inflatable sailboats. They range from a basic dinghy to a performance racer. They are capable of sailing with 1-3 adults and children depending on the model. They break down into bags that will fit in the back of most people’s cars.

They use modern rigs with furling or reefing options so you can use them in a variety of winds. They use drop-stich construction to be able to create a v-hull that gives good performance on the water. The Tiwal 3R has hiking racks for even more performance.

Tiwal sailboats have been seen on Below Deck Sailing Yacht. They are one of the favorite water toys for people cruising on big boats. They let anyone try sailing with a small, easy to transport, and affordable package.

Visit Tiwal.com to learn more about their sailboats.

3 – Sunfish

I personally learned to sail on a Sunfish. It is still one of the best sailboats to learn sailing on. It is a super simple boat design that is easy and fun to sail and virtually anyone can rig or launch it.

Sunfish are small, 14 foot sailboats with a lateen rig that only has a main sail. They are sometimes referred to as board boats. They have a flat deck you sit on top of. These are common at beach resorts around the world so almost everyone has seen one at one point or another.

They are extremely simple to rig. You put the mast through the sail/booms and into the hull. There is one halyard to raise the sail. They have one sheet to control the sail. Racers have figured out ways to rig more controls but chances are, any boat you buy used won’t have them. 2 adults can easily fit on a Sunfish for sailing around.

Sunfish are very forgiving and easy to sail. The square sided hard chined hull makes them feel stable in the water even in a lot of wind. If you do capsize they are easy to upright and self bailing.

New Sunfish are still being built and they are raced in many places so parts are sails are easy to get. If you do feel like giving racing a try, chances are there is somewhere you can do it. The boats are sturdy and durable.

To learn more about Sunfish go here.

4 – Laser

A Laser is another 14 foot 1 or 2 person sailboat that falls under the board boat category. They are very common and raced all over the place. It is the most popular racing sailboat in the history of sailing. They are currently an Olympic class boat as well. They have been raced at the Olympics in every summer games since 1996.

Lasers are less stable and capsize easier than Sunfish. They are a bit faster and higher performance for those wanting a little more oomph. They are still manageable for beginners. They are one of the easiest boats out there to upright after a capsize. If you choose one, take it out on lighter wind days until you get the hang of it. Don’t start out on a day with lots of wind and white caps or you will probably spend the whole day capsizing over and over.

Lasers are available with different sized sails. The most common version is the standard laser. The next most common is called the “Laser Radial” which has a smaller sail and mast. Some boats will have both. If it’s your first boat I strongly recommend looking for a boat with a Radial rig.

The thing to watch for with Lasers is their mast step. This is where the mast goes into the hull. If you are looking for one, pour a glass of water into the hole and see if it stays there or drains into the hull. If it drains into the hull, walk away from that boat. The weakness of these boats is the mast to hull joint which weakens with time and lots of use. If the mast step holds water it is fine.

To learn more about Lasers go here.

5 – West Wight Potter 15/19

West Wight Potters are very small cruising keelboats. They come in 15 and 19 foot versions. The 15 footer can be towed behind almost any car. The 19 footer needs a good sized SUV like an Explorer. They are very simple sloop rigged boats without any extra racing controls. They have keels and are stable. There are lots of them out there and they are still being made.

These aren’t the fastest or flashiest boats out there. They are easy to rig, easy to sail and you can do trailer cruising on them. These are for sail regularly on Craigslist and Marketplace. They are known to be solidly built without any common failure points.

If you are looking for a small keelboat you can learn to sail with and tow around these are a great choice.

To learn more about West Wight Potters go here.

6 – Catalina 25 and Catalina 27

Dinghy sailing isn’t for everyone. Some people are more interested in a cruising boat they can go places with and stay over night. If that is you then a Catalina 25 or 27 is a great choice. Catalina 25 and Catalina 27s are 2 of the most common small cruising keelboats out there. They were built from the 1970’s through late 1980’s. There were thousands of both of them built. I have owned 2 Catalina 27’s and had a ton of fun on both of them. They are easy to sail, dock and take care of. They are at the large end of what you should consider for a beginner sailboat but still manageable.

Both boats were available with lots of options. Catalina 27’s can be simple with tiller steering and outboards. They can be more decked out with wheel steering and diesel of gas inboards. Catalina 25’s are the same although they are all tiller steering. Catalina 25s have either a fixed feel or a retractable keel for trailering. As a trailer boat they are huge and you’ll need something like an F350 to tow it.

For your first sailboat, look for a tiller steering, outboard motor, fixed keel version. Look for a boat with a roller furling headsail. This makes the boat much more easy to manage. You can reduce sail area by partially rolling up the headsail if it gets too windy. This is much better for your first boat then buying one with multiple sails that hank onto the headstay that need changed as the wind changes.

Do some more research into the boat for problem areas such as deck core rot or “Catalina smile” before buying one. Price wise, you can find them for $1000 to $10,000 depending on options and conditions.

To learn more about Catalina 25’s go here. To learn more about Catalina 27’s go here.

7 – Hobie 16/14

Hobie 16’s are the most popular beach catamaran in the world. They are common at beach resorts all over the world. I have owned one of these before too. They are also actively raced so parts and sails are easy to get. The Hobie 14 is the slightly smaller and less popular little brother. Both are available used all over the place for cheap.

Hobies are a ton of fun to sail. You can go really fast flying a hull in one. If you get one of your first sailboat use a bit of caution on when you take it out until you get used to it. Don’t start out on a day the wind is nuking and hope it will go okay because it won’t.

These are fairly easy to rig. This is the most complex boat I would ever recommend to a beginner. The mast can be challenging to raise and lower but there are easy ways Macguyver it and make it not so bad.

They do not tack easily upwind. Like all multihulls they can get stuck in irons easily when pointed into the wind. Sometimes you have to give it a little backwind and opposite rudder to get spun through the wind. It’s easy with a little bit of practice. It won’t tack as easily as a monohull.

To learn more about Hobie cats go here.

8 – The 2 person 14 foot sloop rigged sailing dinghy

There are tons of this type of boat available used everywhere. There isn’t any single one that is widespread around the US to mention a particular design. There are tons of 420’s and Flying Juniors, Capri 14’s, JY15’s, Islander 14’s, etc… out there. They are all meant for 2 people. They all have a sloop rig with main and jib and a retractable centerboard. They all aren’t that hard to rig. They all can be trailered behind any car.

They can be sailed by one person in light winds or 2 people in almost any wind condition. They can be self rescued by 2 people after a capsize without help. Keep this in mind if you think about sailing it alone on a windy day.

As mentioned earlier in the article. The thing to watch out for with this type of boat is making sure all the parts are there. Make sure it is in sailing condition before you buy it. If something is broken make sure you can replace it before buying it.

You might also like:

• How Much Does A Small Sailboat Cost? Big Fun For Small Money
• How To Pick The Best Windsurfing Equipment For Beginners

Ryan C Co- Founder & Chief Editor

I grew up back east in Pennsylvania and learned to sail on a small lake with my dad on a Sunfish. After that we bought a 2 person dinghy which eventually turned into a Laser. After moving to Michigan and the Great Lakes I picked up a Catalina 22 and then upgraded to a Catalina 27. I’ve owned Catalina’s, Hunter’s, Odays and some others. My current boat is a 1994 Catalina 320. I’ve raced small boats and large boats, including several Mackinac Island Races. I love doing boat projects and spending time on sailboats.

[email protected]

The 5 Best Sailboats For Beginners

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

December 27, 2023

Sailing is a fun activity for people of all experience levels. In fact, learning to sail a basic boat is relatively easy—in the right environment, you can start cruising with minimal experience.

However, the idea of a beginner commanding a 55-foot ketch in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is a bit ridiculous. Even though virtually everyone can sail, beginners should learn the basics in a controlled environment—and on the correct boat.

Boat size doesn’t necessarily affect its beginner-friendliness, because sailors need to take into account factors such as rig simplicity and handling characteristics. 

Many beginners make the mistake of picking the wrong boat to begin with, which can lead to frustration and turn them off of sailing forever.

To mitigate these issues, this article will cover the best sailboats for beginners —so you can get on the water and start sailing safely and comfortably.

Table of contents

‍ Best Rigs for Beginners 

There are many types of sailboat rigging , and some are more beginner-friendly than others. Unfortunately, some of the most aesthetically pleasing rigs are also the most complicated. 

Eventually, sailors can acquire enough skill to master complex rigs, but it’s best to start simple. 

Arguably, one of the simplest sailing rigs is the Lateen Rig. This rig consists of a mast, boom, and spar, along with a single halyard and mainsheet. With only two ropes in its simplest configuration, the Lateen Rig makes an excellent starter sailboat, and it will be featured on this list. 

For larger boats, the Bermuda Sloop rig is an excellent choice. This rig is quite common and includes a jib for a larger sail plan.

For those who desire a slightly more robust (but single sail) layout, the gaff-rigged catboat is also an excellent choice. This versatile craft (and rig) has a large and relatively simple single sail, which is easier to handle than multiple sails.

Top Five Sailboats for Beginners 

Now, we’ll go over the top five sailboats for beginners . These boats will descend in order from smallest to largest, but not by the level of experience needed.  

Remember, just because you’re new to sailing doesn’t mean you have to settle for a boat that’s too small. Beginners can handle larger boats with some training, and some are easier to handle than their smaller counterparts.  ‍

The following boats were chosen because of their handling characteristics, low cost-of-ownership, and simplicity, as all of these factors are important for choosing the best beginner sailboat.

5) Sailing Dinghy

The sailing dinghy is the quintessential starter sailboat. These tiny, lightweight, popular, and highly affordable little craft is easy to operate and relatively difficult to capsize. The popular Optimist Sailing Dinghy, while designed for children up to the age of about 15, can be used (sometimes hilariously) by adults as well. An Optimist-style dingy is a great option for beginners over the age of 15, as boats of this style can be found in a variety of sizes. The sailing dinghy is a very popular youth racing sailboat, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom. While it’s not particularly fast, this little boat has wonderful handling characteristics and is relatively difficult to capsize. This open-cockpit boat uses a centerboard and detachable tiller and can be beached or carried atop a car without much hassle. The mast is removable, and all parts are easily stowed. Overall, the Optimist and its copycats are a remarkable little craft, equally useful as a tender for a larger boat or a standalone beginner sailboat.

Dinghy rigs vary between builders, but many use the simple Spirit Rig. The rig consists of a single sail and mainsheet, along with one mast, boom, and spar. The leech is stiffened by battens, and ties along the luff secure it all to the mast. Hoisting and securing the rig is easy, and lines are secured to the boat by a cleat. This simple rig has plenty of sail area for most places, and sailors can secure the mainsheet to a block or simply hold it in their hands.

The price of sailing dinghies can vary widely depending on multiple factors. Professionally-made sailing dinghies start around $3,500 new, and plywood kits are available for around $1,000 to $2,000. Used dinghies (including Optimist sailing dinghies) can be found on Craigslist for as low as a few hundred dollars. 

{{boat-info="/boats/vanguard-sunfish"}}

The Sunfish is a brilliant little sailboat, and a very fast boat indeed. This little racing dinghy, while only 13 feet in length, can be an enormous amount of fun for beginners and experienced sailors alike. The best way to describe the handling of a Sunfish is, ‘tender,’ though it’s not difficult to master this little boat. For its size, the Sunfish has a relatively large sail area and a very shallow draft. This boat has a small cockpit and can be controlled easily by a single person. The large sail plan of the Lateen-Rigged Sunfish makes for excellent performance in light winds and amazing speed on windy days. The Sunfish is a lightweight fiberglass boat with a simple rig and is a great step-up from a sailing dinghy. It’s possible to learn how to sail on this boat, but every sailor who’s spent time on a Sunfish will probably recommend bringing a towel. The boat is relatively easy to capsize for beginners and it heels aggressively, but these characteristics can teach sailors some important lessons. The heeling characteristics of the Sunfish can help beginners get accustomed to the feeling and help them understand the limits of a sailboat and how to avoid capsizing.

The Sunfish features a Lateen Rig, which has some shared characteristics with the simple Spirit Rig. The Lateen Rig has a single spar, mast, and boom, and is easy to set up and dismantle. The mast is removable as well, making stowing and transportation relatively easy. The large sail plan of the Sunfish makes it ideal for lakes and other areas where the wind is sporadic or very low, and the boat can be safely handled in many conditions. The boat is great for racing and learning and is also available in a Bermuda rig. The Sunfish is recognizable by the distinctive fish logo in the top corner of the sail, and the classic rainbow sails striping.

The Sunfish is still commercially manufactured. You can purchase one new from the factory for around $5,000 today, and options are available to make the boat your own. While the boat is designed to be sailed by a single person, two adults can purchase this boat and use it together comfortably. Used Sunfish prices vary, but a fully-outfitted boat in good condition can cost upwards of $1,000. They hold their value well, and they’re a great choice for beginners. 

{{boat-info="/boats/vanguard-laser"}}

The Laser is considered by many to be the Sunfish’s main competitor. The two boats are the same length (13 feet 9 inches) and share many of the same handling characteristics. However, the boats do have some notable differences. Many people consider the Laser to be a step-up from the Sunfish in difficulty, as the boat handles much more like a racer. The Laser has been used in the Olympics for racing. The laser is small and simple enough for beginners but requires skill to operate. Beginners can learn a lot from sailing a Laser and have an enormous amount of fun in the process. This fast little boat is simple and easy to set up but handles like a racecar.  If you’re a beginner on a laser, you’ll probably capsize at some point—which isn’t always a problem if you’re in a controlled environment, as the boat can be righted easily.

The laser is a Cat Rigged boat. This means it has only one mainsail and no headsails. The simple rig has a mast and a boom and is very easy to set up. The sail area of the laser is relatively large and designed for speed in high winds. The rig combined with the overall design of the sailboat makes it handle tenderly, which may be off-putting to some beginners. Regardless, it’s still a blast to sail for beginners with some experience.

New Laser sailboats start around $6,000 which is slightly more than the Sunfish. This simple centerboard cruiser is constructed as a race boat, which can explain some of the price increase. Used Laser sailboats are available on the market, though usually not as common as the Sunfish. Used Laser prices vary widely.

2) Gaff-Rigged Catboat

The gaff-rigged catboat isn’t a brand of boat—it’s a style of a sailboat that was once a popular workboat on the New England coast. This boat, which has only one mainsail and no headsails, is available in a wide range of designs. Catboats are famous for their handling and power and make a great sailboat for beginners. These vessels are available with centerboards, keels, cabins, and in open designs. Most catboats range from 15 to 19-feet long and can be built from wood or fiberglass. Catboats are easy to handle, and one who learns on a small catboat can easily transition to a larger one. Besides being one of the most easily recognizable sailboats, catboats are also some of the most versatile. A catboat can be just as suitable for lake cruising as it is for coastal waters.

The most common type of catboat rig is the Gaff Rig. This classic and robust rig is more complex than the simple Spirit and Lateen rig, but it’s more suitable for a ‘proper ship.’ The Gaff Rig can provide similar power as an equivalent Bermuda Rig, with much more elegance and a shorter mast. Many sailors prefer the classic Gaff Rig for its handling characteristics and durability.

It’s impossible to specify the price of catboats because they vary so much in design and size. New catboats (between 15 and 25-feet) can be purchased for less than $20,000, and used boats are numerous and varied. Cabin catboats tend to cost more, especially new—some run for more than $50,000 with a high level of amenities, including a head and galley. Numerous catboat plans are available online, and sailors report constructing them (usually of plywood) for just a few thousand dollars.

1) West Wight Potter 19

{{boat-info="/boats/west-wight-potter-19"}}

The West Wight Potter 19 is a fiberglass sailboat designed for safety, easy handling, and beginner-friendliness. This 19-foot trailer-sailor features a cabin with a vee-berth, a simple rig, and a retractable keel. The West Wight Potter 19 could potentially be the best cabin sailboat for beginners, and certainly one of the safest—the West Wight Potter 19, according to the manufacturer, is quite literally unsinkable. The hull is filled with buoyant materials, allowing the boat to be flooded and remain afloat. However, unsinkability isn’t the only characteristic of this boat that makes it ideal for beginners. The rig is simple and easy to set up, and the handling characteristics are excellent. The boat is not prone to aggressive heeling and handles confidently in a variety of conditions. While one generally wouldn’t consider it to be a blue-water cruiser, it’s still extremely capable—one sailor even sailed this vessel from California to Hawaii , which is over 2,000 nautical miles. The theoretical hull speed of this boat is around 5.4 knots, but it actually has a tendency to plane and achieve higher speeds. It’s a flat-bottomed cruiser, making it easy to beach and transport with its retractable keel and removable rudder. The West Wight Potter 19 is a great introduction to large sailboats and carries amenities normally reserved for boats at least 1/3 larger.

The West Wight Potter 19 is a Bermuda-Rigged sloop. The sail plan is sufficiently large to propel the boat in a variety of conditions, but not so large that it overpowers the boat. Sailors can single-hand the boat with ease, and set up and takedown are easy and require no special tools. The boat handles well in a variety of conditions and is well-known for its superior stability. The rig comes apart easily and can be stowed and trailered by one person.

The West Wight Potter 19 has been produced and sold commercially since the 1970s, and the used market has plenty of boats available, generally starting around $5,000. New West Wight Potter 19 sailboats are remarkably affordable compared to other boats with comparable characteristics. The West Wight Potter 19 is manufactured by International Marine in California. New sailboats start at just shy of $25,000. Owners can add an enormous range of extra features to their boats, including a hull-strengthening ‘blue water’ package, a stove, a head, electrical power, spare parts, and much more. The boats are highly customizable and can be outfitted for weekender sailing or long-term liveaboard cruising.

How to Pick a Sailboat

Picking a sailboat for beginners doesn’t have to be difficult.  Before deciding on a boat, consider your experience level and location.

If you only have access to rough ocean, it may not be the best idea to get an open dinghy.

If you live near a lake, a Sunfish could be a great way to start.

Also, consider your budget. If you’re looking for a $50 sailboat, you can probably find one, but it won’t be ideal.

If you have just a few thousand dollars to spend, you can set yourself up nicely with a little research .

Also, consider what you want to do with the sailboat. Recreation, fishing , cruising , and exploration are options, and require different kinds of boats.

Whichever you end up choosing, make sure you try it out and can sail it comfortably.

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Made by Laser Performance

The Sunfish sailboat combines easy rigging and manageability for a comfortable and hassle free sailing experience. This is the sailboat loved by all. Designed in 1952, the Sunfish is still a favorite with all ages.

With the easy to control and rig triangular lateen sail, the Sunfish is the easiest boat to access the joy of sailing. Find these small sailboats on lakes and bays all over the country in addition to racing fleets all over the world. The single-sail Sunfish is praised for it's simple to rig set up, while it's size and weight make it easy to car top or trailer. The Sunfish is built to last and provide years of worry free enjoyment with minimal maintenance required.

• Sunfish Recreational Sail w/ Window
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• Standard Line Pack
• Fiberglass Rudder
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• Ice Blue Sunfish Hull

Specifications

• Draft: 2'11"
• Sail Area: 75 Square Feet
• Hull Weight: 120 lbs

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