riverboat physics classroom

Description This is a simulation of a boat crossing a river. Adjust the direction the boat is aimed, the boat's velocity relative to the river, and the river's velocity relative to the earth. Press the "Run" button to watch the boat's trip across the river. Questions to answer: 1) What direction should the boat be aimed to get to the other side of the river in the least amount of time? 2) What direction does the boat need to be aimed to get to the point directly across the river? 3) If the boat is aimed directly across the river, does the speed of the river's current affect the amount of time it takes the boat to cross the river?

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In this simulation of a riverboat crossing a stream, you can control the heading and speed of the boat, as well as the strength of the current.  Try the following:

• For a given boat and river speed, what angle do you need to point the boat in order to make it directly across to the other side?
• For a given boat and river speed, how far downriver will you land if you point the boat directly across the river?

The simulation animates the classical velocity vector problem, complete with a running river and boat wake.

Physics A and B - Lurie

Riverboat simulator ophysics - relative motion.

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An Introduction to the Physics of Sailing

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An Introduction to the Physics of Sailing English

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This lesson is CPALMS Vetted and Approved

Instructors.

Emma Ferris Masters of Mechanical Engineering at MIT Officer, The United States Navy

Lesson Feedback

Introduction.

The goal of this lesson is to explain how sailboats work by exploring basic physics principles. At the end of this lesson, students will be able to identify the forces acting on a sailboat and explain how the combination of these forces results in the forward motion of a sailboat. Students should be familiar with vectors and be able to use them to represent forces and moments, and also should be familiar with using free body diagrams to represent forces and moments. A basic understanding of fluid flow and/or resistance might be helpful, but not necessary. This lesson and the follow-on assessment will each take about one hour to complete. Students only need pen/pencil and paper to complete the activities in the lesson, although an optional activity where students make their own sailboats would require additional materials. The classroom activity challenges are centered around small-group discussions based on the questions posed before each break. Free body diagrams, or another conceptual representation of his or her answer, should support each student’s solution to the questions posed in the video. Instructions for the option of having students design their own sailboats as part of this lesson can be found here: https://tryengineering.org/teacher/sail-away/

Attention : It has been pointed out to us that certain experts disagree with the explanation for the generation of lift presented in this video lesson.  For this reason, we would like to refer teachers to the following articles which present an alternative explanation: 

http://www.gentrysailing.com/pdf-theory/How-a-Sail-Gives-Lift.pdf

https://www.northsails.com/sailing/en/art-science-sails/gentry

Instructor Biography

Emma started sailing at a young age and eventually taught sailing and sailed competitively in college at the United States Naval Academy.. Her passion for sailing and the ocean led her to study Naval Architecture (ship design) as an undergraduate, and she went on to pursue a Masters in Mechanical Engineering at MIT, with a focus on Ocean Engineering. She currently serves as an officer in the United States Navy.

For Teachers

• Teacher Guide (PDF)
• Teacher Guide (MS Word)
• Sail Simulator Tutorial (PDF)
• Sail Simulator Tutorial (MS Word)

Additional Online Resources

The Physics Classroom: Drawing Free-Body Diagrams This site, sponsored by the Physics Classroom, provides instructions on drawing free body diagrams, as well as practice situations for applying those instructions.

The Physics Classroom: Vectors and Direction Also sponsored by the Physics Classroom, this site provides an introduction to the fundamentals of vectors and directions.

The Physics Classroom: Relative Velocity and Riverboat Problems Again from the Physics Classroom, this is a discussion of vectors and relative velocity.

The Physics Classroom: Addition of Forces Again from the same hosting site, here you will find an introduction to forces and vectors in two dimensions and the addition of those forces.

University of Cambridge: How wings really work Developed by the University of Cambridge in England, this short video demonstrates how lift is created by air flowing over a wing.

Live Science: What Is Fluid Dynamics? This article by Live Science is an introduction to Fluid Dynamics.

Real World Physics Problems: The Physics of Sailing Sponsored by Real World Physics Problems, this site provides a comprehensive overview of the physics of sailing.

YouTube: The Physics of Sailing This is an excellent video on sailing produced by KQED in San Francisco.

National Sailing Hall of Fame: Introducing STEM Sailing Best Practices This site, sponsored by the National Sailing Hall of Fame, introduces two hands-on activities students can do to study the science of sailing.

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The Physics Classroom has been devoted to helping students, teachers, and classrooms since the 1990s. We are as passionate about that mission now as we have ever been. If you are a teacher of Physics or Physical Science, we encourage you to use our Video Tutorial with your students. And we also encourage you to consider the use of other resources on our website that coordinate with the video. We have listed a few below to help you get started.  

Teacher Toolkits: Vectors

Curriculum Corner: Vectors and Projectiles

Calculator Pad, Vectors and Projectiles Chapter, Problems #19 - #21

Physics Interactives - River Boat Simulator

Concept Builder: Relative Velocity

Minds On Physics App #1, Vectors and Projectiles Module, Mission VP6

Physics Classroom Tutorial, Vectors and Motion in Two Dimensions Chapter, Relative Velocity and River Boat Problems

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• Crosscutting Concepts
• The Practices
• Physics Topics
• NGSS Corner: Activity List
• NGSS Corner: Infographics
• About the Toolkits
• Position-Velocity-Acceleration
• Position-Time Graphs
• Velocity-Time Graphs
• Newton's First Law
• Newton's Second Law
• Newton's Third Law
• Terminal Velocity
• Projectile Motion
• Forces in 2 Dimensions
• Impulse and Momentum Change
• Momentum Conservation
• Work-Energy Fundamentals
• Work-Energy Relationship
• Roller Coaster Physics
• Satellite Motion
• Electric Fields
• Circuit Concepts
• Series Circuits
• Parallel Circuits
• Describing-Waves
• Wave Behavior Toolkit
• Standing Wave Patterns
• Resonating Air Columns
• Wave Model of Light
• Plane Mirrors
• Curved Mirrors
• Teacher Guide
• Using Lab Notebooks
• Current Electricity
• Light Waves and Color
• Reflection and Ray Model of Light
• Refraction and Ray Model of Light
• Classes (Legacy Version)
• Teacher Resources
• Subscriptions

• Newton's Laws
• Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity
• About Concept Checkers
• School Pricing
• Newton's Laws of Motion
• Newton's First Law
• Newton's Third Law

Using Concept Checkers