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Best Marine VHF Antennas for 2024

Shakespeare 5101 Centennial Marine VHF Antenna

Shakespeare 6225 Phase III VHF Antenna

Tram VHF Marine Antenna

New boaters are often surprised by all the elements they need to get out on the water. It’s easy to overlook everything from a good fish finder to carpeting . VHF antennas are another one of those things we may overlook. But a good VHF antenna is an absolute must on the water. Unlike a handheld VHF radio , your VHF radio is only as good as the antenna that it uses to transmit signals. Let’s take a look at the best VHF radio antennas on the market.

Pound for pound, this may be the best marine VHF antenna out there. Shakespeare makes great antennas across the board. In fact, we’ve recommended several of their products. It’s no wonder that one of theirs would qualify as the best. They’re a reliable brand that really puts the effort into quality design. Not only do they look good, but they feature quality materials. And, most importantly, they work well. At the end of the day, that’s the real test. This antenna won’t let you down.

Starting with materials, Shakespeare puts in the effort to make this model a winner. The ferrule is chrome plated brass. The ferrule is the bottom part of an antenna that connects the whip to the base. It’s a little metal fixture that protects and houses the wires. It needs to be tough and made from a resilient material. Cheap metal ferrules will corrode. Cheap composite ones may break or degrade.

The whip of the antenna is made of fiberglass. It has a high gloss finish to keep it looking good. It also adds to the durability. Inside you’ll find brass and copper elements. That means that the metal inside, the part that actually receives and transmits, is solid. These high quality materials offer the best performance.

There is no mount included with this particular model. You’ll have to pick up a separate mount. That said, it offers high quality performance that still makes it well worth the effort. Any place that sells the antenna will also have a suitable mount. There are several different models that work well with this antenna size. Once you have one, the installation process is pretty smooth and easy. Expect to take about a half hour to get this installed and running.

The 5101 model offers a 6dB gain. The whip is 8 feet in length. The reception and performance are top notch though, and that’s what really counts here. There are more expensive models that may boost signal or performance slightly. We don’t think it’s likely you’ll find yourself in a place where this antenna is not able to perform the way you need it to. For the price and the performance, you won’t find a better marine VHF antenna on the market.

• Buy on Amazon   →
• $99.99 Bass Pro   →
• Buy on Walmart   →

This antenna is definitely an investment. It’s quite a bit pricier than the others we’re listing here. But Shakespeare went above and beyond for the construction of this model. If you want premium quality, this is the best VHF antenna for your boat. Just check out some of the features that this one boasts.

Start with the silver plated outer conductor. That offers top of the line performance and reliability. The inner conductor is copper. Again, you’re getting the best and most reliable materials. The mounting sleeve doesn’t shirk on the quality either. It’s made from stainless steel, so expect it to hold up well.

The cables connect with an SO-239 connector. That’s also known as a PL-259 connector. If you’re not familiar, don’t worry. All you need to know is that this is the standard, high quality connection for most radio cables. It’s easy to connect and makes a solid UHF connection when they’re in place.

Attached with a reliable ratchet mount, and this unit can stand up to the elements well. The antenna itself is made from 50-ohm high gloss fiberglass. It’s bolstered by an ethafoam spacer. That gives it extra strength and durability in the high winds you may find at sea.

The overall length is 8 feet. The gain is 6dB and the max power input is 150w. Shakespeare offers a limited warranty of 8 years on the antenna. That’s one of the best in the industry and lets you breathe a little easier. You won’t have to worry about manufacturing problems and breakage for quite a while. You’re able to remove or reinstall the antenna without worrying about moving the coax cables.

Getting a good VHF antenna shouldn’t break the bank. Tram is here with their 1603 model to make the most from the least. At a fraction of the cost of other models, this is a surprisingly solid effort. There’s a nylon ratchet mount and the antenna itself is fiberglass. The element inside is coax cable rather than brass and copper. It’s 5ft low-loss RG58A/U coaxial cable with a standard PL-259 male/female connector. That means a little less power overall, but it’s still a reliable antenna.

Total antenna height is 38 inches, so just over 3 feet. That makes it shorter than some, but ideal for smaller boats. It features stainless steel hardware, including the L bracket. It operates with a 6dB gain. The antenna, of course, covers all marine frequencies . It comes with 15 feet of coaxial cable for set up as well.

Installation is easy with Tram. The nylon ratchet makes adjusting very simple. The mounting hardware means small hole installation is a breeze. All the hardware you need is included. The engineering of this model is better than you would expect. Especially for something so affordable. Is it going to blow you out of the water with its performance? Maybe not. But it is going to offer reliable and solid performance, and that’s what counts. Reception is fantastic. Don’t be surprised if you’re actually pulling in new weather band channels. Potentially several more than you had access to before you installed this one.

One thing to be aware of is exactly how you mount it. The stainless steel bracket is great, but watch where you put it. You don’t want to mount this on an aluminum rail, for instance. Putting two dissimilar metals together can cause trouble, after all. Especially if you’re boating in salt water. You may want to consider a rubber buffer between this and aluminum if that’s how you’re mounting it. Or find something else to attach it to. It can be a bit of a hassle, but it’s worth it in the long run.

Shakespeare 4 Foot Centennial Marine VHF Antenna

Shakespeare’s 4 foot Centennial is a solid marine VHF antenna. It features brass and copper elements inside. There’s a 3 dB gain, which is ideal for marine use. The antenna itself is fiberglass, but it’s solid construction. It features a smooth polyurethane coating as well. That helps it stand up to the elements, including the sun. No turning a dirty yellow color like untreated fiberglass will over time. You can expect it to last for years if it’s maintained well.

There’s a chrome-plated brass ferrule with standard 1inch-14 thread. You can mount it with a standard style 4187 or 5187 ratchet mount. Those are not included, though. Keep that in mind.

The sound quality of Shakespeare is why so many of their antennas made it onto this list. Like the earlier models, this one is well above par. You can tell these are just well made antennas. Especially when you compare them to lower quality options head to head. Solid construction and solid performance really makes Shakespeare a standout.

Some people might wonder why you’d ever want a shorter antenna. Well, if you’re ever gone under a short bridge and busted your old antenna, you won;t wonder. Sometimes having 8 feet or more above the boat isn’t really a good idea. In those cases, this 4 foot model is a solid choice. If you don’t want a giant antenna, Shakespeare has you covered.

One thing to be aware of here is that the connector isn’t attached. You may have to bust out the solder gun to get this properly attached and installed the way you want it. That’s not technically always a bad thing, though. With the connector unattached, it makes wiring in tighter spaces a little easier. But it could be an aggravating step. Especially if you’re not prepared for it ahead of time.

Metz Manta 6 VHF Marine Antenna

The Metz Manta 6 foot antenna is a solid marine VHF antenna. The stainless steel whip design is durable and long lasting. It features fully soldered connections and stainless steel housing as well. The cap is UV resistant so it can withstand a long life on your boat. No worries about the elements causing it to wear out and crack like with a cheaper model. There’s also a nickel-plated brass whip post. The L bracket for mounting is also included.

The Metz model features lightning protection and also a lifetime warranty. It covers the base coil, but you do need to have proof of purchase to qualify. This one won’t cover a resold antenna. This is the only brand you’ll find that offers a warranty of this kind as well. Metz really stands behind their products.

It boasts a 250 watt power rating. There’s also an internal ground. Of course, it also comes pre-tuned to the marine band frequencies. The frequency range is 156-163 MHz.

Things To Look for in the Best Marine VHF Antenna

The best marine VHF antennas have to check a few boxes. Not all marine VHF marine radio antenna are created equally. And not all are suitable for every boat. Where you have your antenna mounted could be as important as output power or antenna length. Things like horizontal angle are important as well. Here are a few things to consider.

This is a feature everyone wants to know about when they buy an antenna. Does it have a good range? Well, that’s a hard thing to answer. No one antenna will give you a definite range in the product details. Why? Because it depends on a lot of factors. First and foremost is how you mount it. The higher up an antenna is, the greater range it has. That’s why antennas are always posted at the top of everything. Houses, office buildings, and boats. An antenna on the ground will have a much lower range than the exact same antenna on top of a building. A taller antenna is typically better than a short one.

If you want to maximize range, make sure your marine vhf radio antenna is mounted at the highest possible point. So if you have a sailboat , you want that antenna on top of the mast. If you have a fishing boat , up on the roof of the cabin is where you want it.

Antennas are often described according to their dB rating. This is also known as antenna gain. In simple terms, gain refers to an antenna’s ability to focus energy. That focused energy improves its ability to transit. Or at least makes it seem that way.

When an antenna has a high dB rating, it focuses energy like a disc. The disc is around the antenna itself. Think of it like a plate spinning on a chopstick. The antenna is a straight shaft. But the energy field is radiating out like a plate. The signal that receivers pick up is stronger as a result.

A lower dB antenna is less tightly focused. If a high dB signal is like a plate, a low dB signal is more like a ball. It still radiates out, but the signal also travels above and below the antenna.

It may seem like a high dB antenna is best. At high enough levels, the signal is transmitted at a nearly flat line like a laser. But is that best? Your boat is on water, which moves. That means your antenna is rarely perfectly vertical. A high dB signal may therefore be broadcast right into the water or into the sky. If the seas are rough, the signal bounces a lot. A lower dB gain is ideal, then. No matter how your boat moves, the signal still transmits.

Signals transmit on a line of sight basis. That means anything in the way will disrupt your signal. And at higher gain, the signal is narrower. That makes it potentially more likely to be obstructed.

For that reason, a 3 dB gain is good for a boat. Higher gain, like 6 dB, may work, but it could be spotty. Something like 9 dB would be counterproductive.

What we see when we look at an antenna is essentially a case. It houses and protects the important, functional parts. This includes the electrical element. That element is what gives off and also receives signals. It can be made of things like copper, brass, or even coaxial cable. Coaxial cable is a cheaper option, but brass and copper elements perform better.

For the antenna itself, you’re looking at either fiberglass or stainless steel. Shorter stainless steel antennas are less affected by wind. They are also more durable. A fiberglass antenna can be cheaper, however. Also they will be longer. But fiberglass may not be as durable. At the very least, you want heavy duty fiberglass construction.

Fiberglass can be more durable if you get it coated. Look for brands that coat the fiberglass with polyurethane.

The pieces that join and mount your antenna are worth paying attention to as well. A high quality chrome plated brass ferrule is better than nylon ones. Stainless steel hardware is always a safe bet.

A nylon ratchet mount may be fine for masthead mounting of the antenna, of course. But look for things like higher quality silver plated brass elements inside. Better antennas will always have these higher quality materials. They are extremely durable and have the high quality features you need.

Mounting Marine VHF Antennas

This may seem like an insignificant thing. If there is no mounting kit you’ll need to find those extra materials. That’s an extra step and an extra cost you may want to avoid.

The longer the wire used in your antenna, the more it will damage your signal overall. You lose strength with length. A small gauge coaxial cable can lose 3 dB for every 49 feet. That’s another reason why copper is better than coax cable. But also another reason to be wary of going too big with an antenna. Thin cable, something like rg 58 cable, may not be the best choice if you want a more powerful antenna.

In general you want thicker cable rather than a longer antenna. It’s a balancing act to get the perfect set up. But if you have more than 100 feet of cable, you may only get 80% efficiency out of it.

Thicker coaxial cable, or copper/brass elements are better for improving signal strength.

The Bottom Line

There are plenty of great choices out there for VHF marine antennas. Whether you want a shorter antenna, two antennas or whatever, find what fits your boat best. If you’re unsure on installation, ask for help at your local marina. Or look up some handy videos online. A VHF radio can be a lifeline for a boater. And that means you want to make sure you have the best VHF antenna you can get.

As always, stay safe and have fun.

My grandfather first took me fishing when I was too young to actually hold up a rod on my own. As an avid camper, hiker, and nature enthusiast I'm always looking for a new adventure.

Categories : Boats

Robert Clark on June 17, 2022

I especially loved that Shakespeare was drafted. The cable failed to have an outsized connector therefore the boat failed should be disassembled to connect the replacement antenna cable. Instead, unscrew the adapter after passing the new cable through. I’ve got been to the ocean several times with this antenna, it’s paired with a Uniden Solara radio and works perfectly.

Robert Clark on June 30, 2022

Very helpful informing

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Yachting World

• Digital Edition

Best VHF antenna: 7 top options to improve your signal

• November 30, 2022

Often taken for granted, a yacht's VHF radio is extremely important as both a transmitter and receiver. Even in our globally-connected world, VHF is often our only means of connection whilst at sea, and units are only as good as their VHF antenna...

Aside from the safety aspect, navigation alerts and weather updates, the non-essential uses of VHF radios are broad – from communication to and from the Race Committee for start procedure and courses, to having a chat mid-ocean with other open-sea rovers. They can also be used to book restaurants and order delivery pizzas in many a safe anchorage.

The importance of clear and robust VHF signal is crucial. You don’t want the anchovy topping on your Neapolitan when you specifically didn’t order it, or vigorous mocking for sailing round the wrong mark due to poor VHF reception.

To get the best performance out of your VHF antenna it is not so much about boosting your signal, as to try as much as possible to reduce the signal losses in your system, which are always inevitable.

The main focus of this guide is at the opposite end to the radio – the VHF antenna – very much the key part of the system, and there are several choices on the market. Unobstructed elevation is key to the mounting of the antenna. Ideally this should ensure a clear line of sight – so the mast head is the favoured location.

Our guide to the best VHF antenna options is broken down into 3 sub-categories:

Jump to masthead antennae Jump to whip antennae Jump to fiberglass antennae

Note: We may earn a commission when you buy through links on our site, at no extra cost to you. This doesn’t affect our editorial independence.

Masthead vhf antennae.

Shakespeare S/S Whip VHF With Hawk Windex

Multi-use money saver

This combined Antenna and windex cleans up the top of any mast.

Particularly good on mastheads with a little more space, to fit this unit there must be enough room to avoid any conflict between the wind gear wand and the stainless steel whip antenna.

Boats with a mast crane would benefit from reducing the clutter at the masthead, as would those with forward-facing wind gear.

The Shakespeare brand (sold as V-Tronix in Europe) is one of the leaders in the VHF antenna field, so it’s easy to find after-sales support.

Combining the windex and VHF antenna to reduce the clutter really does makes a lot of sense!

Reasons to buy – Combines two of essential bits of masthead kit – Spares kits for the windex part are readily available

Reasons to avoid – Not available to all – there may be a conflict between the S/S Whip and the masthead unit

Gain – 3 dB Max Power – 50 Watts Weight – 250g Length – 0.9m

Buy it now on Gaelforcemarine.co.uk

Buy it now on amazon.

V-Tronix Heliflex Stub Antenna

The grand prix choice

The beauty of the V-tronix heliflex stub is the low profile size and its robust rubber construction.

A favourite in the racing world to reduce windage, and fitted on the majority of raceboats to date, it can be easily mounted on the craneless grand prix-style rigs.

Its squat size means it’s shorter than the wind gear and the windex – space really is at a premium at the top of a race rig and simplicity is the key.

The heliflex part of the name is a reference to the VHF antenna coil all under the rubberised skin – this spiral set up gives the antenna the length and reception required for great reception

Reasons to buy – The favourite of Grand Prix racers – Small and compact to save space and reduce windage – Made in a robust and weatherproof rubber casing – its tough!

Reasons to avoid – Because of its diminutive size its important to give it as clear a mounting as possible

Gain – 3dB Max power – 50 watts Weight – 50g Length – 0.15m

Buy it on Amazon

But what if you can’t mount a VHF antenna on the masthead?

Not sure where to mount the VHF antenna due to difficulties and obstructions like bulkheads and access to the mast itself? Well, all is not lost.

For the most efficient signal, the main direction of the focus of the antenna is horizontally – there certainly isn’t quite as much need for cover directly up or down for that matter –  but the heel and the motion of the yacht are considered in the design, and manufacturers do allow for this. So finding a spot which limits obstructions is the goal.

Somewhere else on the mast, elevated or aftward, are the next best spots – so long as it’s clear of running backstays and anything else that may damage it or obstruct its view.

An interesting (first world) problem some sailing superyachts have encountered is that they have a VHF black spot just a few metres around the yacht itself, created by the mast. So the solution has been to add a couple more antenna lower down and on either side of the mast to allow complete unobstructed coverage.

Let’s have a look at some versatile whip antenna for mast or deck mounting.

Whip antennae

The versatile options – on mast or deck

Metz Mantra 6 VHF Whip Antenna

Cruisers’ favourite

This little antenna is widely considered the best whip antenna on the market. It’s been around for 40 years and is favoured by the US Coastguard and many a seasoned cruiser.

With the coil guaranteed for life and the stainless whip replaceable, this little unit up for the challenge of long-term cruising .

Happy on the mast or transom, this is one tough antenna – but some do warn of making sure the cable-end connection is properly protected from the elements.

Reasons to buy – Widely regarded as the king of the cruisers – Guarantees and spares available

Reasons to avoid – Harder to find in Europe, but not impossible – Slightly more expensive than very similar offerings from the bigger rivals

Gain – 3dB Max power – 250 watts Weight – 230g Length – 0.87m

Buy it now on eBay

Shakespeare Squatty 5215 Whip Antenna (5214 in the US)

King of the Whip title challenger

These antennae are suited equally well on the masthead or the pushpit. This style is definitely a favourite of many seasoned ocean cruisers.

This is Shakespeare’s version, closely resembling the famous Metz Mantra but at a fraction of the cost. The whip-style antenna is small and light but very capable of great coverage, standing at 1m high.

The stainless-steel whip also has a fair bit of flexibility, which means it can take some accidental bending without damage, so when hauling in that prize tuna mid-ocean, you don’t have to worry so much about any breakages in the heat of the fight (in the VHF antenna department at least!)

Reasons to buy – A great little whip antenna from a high-quality brand – Widely available – Nice price point

Reasons to avoid – Up against stiff opposition for the title – Bit of a compromise compared to antennae made specifically for masthead or deck

Gain – 3dB Max power – 50 watts Weight – 650g Length – 1m

Buy it now at Bass Pro Shops

Supergain Glomex Task Whip Antenna

A smaller alternative

This tiny 530mm whip antenna was designed with RIBs in mind – but it also packs the same punch as you get in a VHF antenna twice its size.

Because of its RIB heritage it certainly is built to survive the bounciest conditions – perfect for those who either choose to or always find themselves with long upwind battles.

This would benefit from being mounted as high as possible but it seems to be pretty impressive even sat on the push pit. Quick to take on and off, it is well worth a look at, especially for smaller boats

Reasons to buy – Small and mighty – used to a proper work out – Easy to find a suitable elevated spot, due to its compact size

Reasons to avoid – Mount with care – it’s as easy to place it in a position of poor reception

Gain – 3dB Max power – 50 watts Weight – 125g Length – 0.53m

Buy it now at Gael Force marine

Buy it now at Cabelas

Fibreglass antennae

These fibreglass sturdy antennae will get you the best reception if deck mounting is your only option.

Lowrance (Simrad) 1710 VHF Antenna Ultraglass Q

This fiberglass antenna comes under many different company names – Lowrance, Simrad and B&G, all big players in the marine electronics world.

It comes with two fibreglass antenna parts which gives you two different possible configurations of antenna length.

Normal useable length is 1m, which is ideal for using in port or anchorage, but this can be extended to a whopping 2.4m when needed.

The connection is quick fit, so is part of the mount, which makes it really easy to remove the VHF antenna when you are not using the boat for extended periods without having to worry able cable runs.

Reasons to buy – Extremely adaptable with two different length options – Easily removable

Reasons to avoid – More care needed on connections from the environment when not connected

Gain – 6dB (max) Max Power – 100 watts ( max) Weight – 400g Length – 2.4m

Buy it now at Waveinn

Shakespeare Galaxy 5225 XT (white) 5226XT (black)

The go-to fibreglass deck mounted antenna for a decent signal, and globally available.

It is extra tough, hence the XT label, and comes in a choice of white or black with a UV protective polyurethane finish to keep it looking smart.

At 2.4m this antenna is probably as long as you would wish on a sailboat, but does get you the sort of boosted signal you need when not using the mast to get great coverage.

As mentioned previously, Shakespeare is a brand at the top of the game, so reliability is good and there is plenty of support, including a five-year warranty.

Reasons to buy – A very popular antenna from a leading brand. – Super stiff and tough which will last a long time – Great coverage from deck level

Reasons to avoid – Big. About as big as you can would want to get away with, so quite obtrusive

Gain –6dB Max Power – 100 watts Weight – 1800g Length – 2.4m

Buy it now at West Marine (white)

Buy it now at West Marine (black)

Didn’t find what you’re looking for? Head to Amazon’s dedicated sailing page for more marine products.

Marine VHF Antenna Types: A Comprehensive Guide

Marine VHF antennas ensure reliable boat communication. This guide explores various antenna types for informed choices.

Choosing the right antenna among numerous options can be daunting. The key is understanding each type’s unique features.

With in-depth research, we illuminate the complexities of marine VHF antennas, from whip to collinear designs.

For both seasoned sailors and new boaters, a dependable VHF antenna is vital. This article is your go-to resource. Here are the key takeaways to remember.

Key Takeaways

1️⃣ Marine VHF antennas are crucial for clear and reliable communication while on the water.

2️⃣ Selecting the right antenna involves understanding different types and their compatibility with various boat types.

3️⃣ Considering key features and proper installation helps ensure the optimal performance of the marine radio system.

🗼 Types of Marine VHF Antennas

Marine VHF antennas are a vital component of a boat’s communication system. They come in various designs and styles to suit different types of vessels and communication needs.

This section will discuss the common types of marine VHF antennas and their characteristics.

Whip Antennas are the most common type of marine VHF antennas. These antennas consist of a single flexible rod, typically made of stainless steel or fiberglass, with a built-in coaxial cable. 

Whip antennas generally offer low to moderate gain and are suitable for small to medium-sized boats. Higher quality whip antennas, such as the Shakespeare 5101 Centennial Marine VHF Antenna, provide better performance and durability.

Sailboat Masthead Antennas are designed specifically for sailboats and feature a lower gain to prevent interference with other electronic equipment.

These antennas are usually shorter than whip antennas and are mounted at the masthead to maximize their range. The Mariner 4200 is an example of a 3dB antenna suitable for sailboat mastheads and small powerboats.

Collinear Antennas are composed of multiple radiating elements stacked together, resulting in high gain and long-range communication capabilities. 

These antennas are ideal for larger vessels that require more extensive communication range. Some manufacturers group their antennas into quality and performance categories, such as Shakespeare’s Classic, Galaxy, and Phase III models.

When selecting a marine VHF antenna, it is crucial to consider factors such as boat size, desired range, and installation requirements. 

Powerboats typically use a standard 8′ antenna, while larger vessels might opt for antennas with more gain. It’s important to ensure there is enough room for the antenna to lay down if necessary, especially when dealing with low-clearance areas.

⛵ VHF Antenna for Different Types of Boats

When selecting a marine VHF antenna , it’s essential to consider the type of boat you have, as the antenna’s design and performance differ for each type.

Antennas for Sailboats

Sailboats typically require a VHF antenna with a lower dB gain due to their heeling (tilting) movement, which affects the antenna’s radiation pattern. 

A 3dB antenna, such as the Mariner 4200, is an excellent choice for sailboat mastheads and small powerboats. 

The main concern when installing a VHF antenna on sailboats is minimizing interference with the sails and rigging. 

This approach ensures that the antenna operates efficiently without compromising the sailing performance. 

To better understand the importance of choosing the right marine VHF antenna length , read this informative article that discusses the factors affecting the antenna’s performance.

Antennas for Powerboats

On the other hand, powerboats can accommodate larger and higher gain VHF antennas since they have more stable movements than sailboats. 

Powerboats ranging from 16′ to 25′ long usually use a standard 8′ antenna, while bigger vessels can opt for antennas with higher gain. 

When selecting an antenna for a powerboat, it’s essential to consider the available mounting space and the clearance needed for lowering the antenna when passing through low bridges or covered moorages.

In both cases, investing in a high-quality antenna from reputable brands like Shakespeare, AirWave, Digital, Glomex, or others is crucial. 

The right VHF antenna helps ensure clear communication with other boaters, potentially life-saving information exchange during emergencies and contributes to a safe and enjoyable experience on the water.

📃 Features of Marine VHF Antennas

Height and gain considerations.

One of the primary factors to consider when selecting a marine VHF antenna is its height and gain. The height of the antenna directly affects its range and signal strength. 

Antenna gain, measured in decibels (dB), represents the VHF transmission pattern and can also impact the range of the antenna. 

Generally, antennas vary from 3 dB for a 4-foot model to 9 dB for a 12- to 23-foot model. Higher decibels translate to greater range but broadcast at a narrower pattern than lower gains.

Construction and Durability

The materials used in constructing a marine VHF antenna play a significant role in its durability and performance. 

Common materials found in marine VHF antennas include fiberglass, brass, copper, and stainless steel. 

A combination of brass and copper is often used in the internal components to ensure excellent signal transmission and reception. The outer casing is typically made of fiberglass or stainless steel to withstand harsh marine environments.

Signal Reception and Transmission

A key feature of marine VHF antennas is their ability to effectively receive and transmit communication signals. 

The radiation pattern and antenna gain affect the signal reception and transmission capability. 

For example, higher gain ratings usually mean taller antennas, which can lead to increased range. 

However, the structural integrity of the mounting installation and the antenna itself must be balanced against the quest for greater range to ensure proper signal reception and transmission in various conditions.

🥜 In a nutshell: consider the height, gain, construction, and durability of the antenna to ensure effective communication.

🛒 Purchasing a Marine VHF Antenna

When looking to purchase antennae, it is essential to understand the specifications and benefits before investing in one. 

They play a crucial role in marine communication and safety, so choosing one that meets your specific needs on the water is vital.

Understanding VHF Antenna Specifications

To select the right VHF antenna, consider factors such as antenna length , transmission pattern, and mounts. 

Antenna length directly affects the range of communication; a taller antenna provides a greater range due to its line of sight characteristics.

The transmission pattern, measured in decibels (dB), also affects the range of communication. Generally, the higher the decibel rating, the greater the VHF communication range. 

Various mounting styles are available to suit your vessel’s unique needs and provide proper support. 

For instance, two-piece antennas longer than 10 feet require an upper support clamp, and antennas ranging from 14 to 18 feet need an upper clamp placed 3 to 5 feet from the bottom.

Knowing the specifications will help you determine its advantages and benefits. For example, a more extended range enables better communication in open waters, ensuring safety and connectivity during your journey.

There are many options available with different costs and features. Popular brands like Shakespeare offer a variety of antennas, such as the Shakespeare 5101 Centennial Marine VHF Antenna, which is often praised for its affordability and performance. 

Consider the long-term benefits of a durable, high-quality antenna that provides reliable communication when comparing costs.

Investing time in research will benefit you in making an informed purchase, ensuring you select an antenna that meets your specific needs and budget, ultimately providing a safer and more enjoyable experience on the water.

🪛 Installation Guide

Mounting options.

When installing your antenna, the choice of mounting location and the type of mount used are important factors that affect performance. 

Standard options for mounting include ratchet mounts and nylon ratchet mounts. Remember that the height of the antenna affects the range of your VHF communication. 

For guidance on where to mount a VHF antenna , consider factors like obstructions and potential interference sources.

Coaxial Cable and Connector Configuration

Selecting the appropriate coaxial cable and connector is essential for achieving optimal VHF radio performance. 

A common choice for marine VHF installations is the PL-259 connector, which is paired with the SO-239 connector on the antenna. 

These connectors are mechanically rugged and easy to install without specialized tools; however, they may require weatherproofing to prevent damage from moisture and exposure to the elements.

The type and length of coaxial cable are also important factors to consider. As the length of the cable increases, signal attenuation occurs, degrading the performance of the VHF system. 

Choosing a cable with a lower signal loss per unit of length can help mitigate this issue. 

To reduce the risk of electromagnetic interference, route the VHF coaxial cable separately from your boat’s power and data cables.

Written by:

I’m the founder and chief editor here at Sailing Savvy. I spent a decade working as a professional mariner and currently, I mix those experiences with digital publishing. Welcome, and I hope that we can be the hub you need for safe passage.

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Yachting Monthly

• Digital edition

Everything you need to know about your VHF antenna

• Sam Fortescue
• September 27, 2023

The range and effectiveness of your yacht’s radio communication depends on the dimensions, position and quality of your VHF antenna. Sam Fortescue explains

When Guglielmo Marconi began sending radio messages between coastal radio stations and ships at sea in 1897, there were plenty who predicted the technology would have very limited scope. Yet, just four years later, Marconi succeeded in transmitting a radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean, from Cornwall to Newfoundland, an experiment that required an extraordinary 500ft-tall antenna held up in a gale by an enormous kite.

Today, a better understanding of the physics behind radio waves, along with huge leaps in technology, mean that the equipment now needed for yacht comms has been successfully miniaturised without sacrificing too much performance. A quality radio set with a good antenna setup can send and receive VHF signals over line of sight distances of 50 miles, even further in favourable conditions.

And the antenna is still absolutely key, as Ian Lockyer of radio set manufacturer Icom UK explains: ‘Even the best marine radios in the world will not perform to their optimum if connected to the wrong antenna. Much as the tyres of a sports car are the only contact point with the ground, providing the necessary grip and traction, a radio’s only contact point with the outside world is its antenna. It needs a well-matched antenna to allow the efficient conversion of electrical energy into radio waves.’

Just as worn tyres will undermine a car’s performance, an unsuitable VHF antenna or poor quality cabling will hamstring your radio. Poor positioning of your antenna or interference from other nearby antennas can also reduce range and clarity dramatically.

It’s also wise to have a redundant VHF antenna setup if you’re planning to head offshore for racing or blue-water cruising. Indeed, many events, such as the ARC, require it. You can, for example, run a spare cable up the companionway if the mast unit is damaged and mount a spare antenna on the pushpit.

The longer your antenna the higher the ‘gain’. Photo: Shutterstock

Amplifying the signal

An antenna’s job is to convert electromagnetic radiation (radio waves) into electric current and back again, depending on whether it is transmitting or receiving. Physics ensures that the electrons in the antenna do this in a predictable way, which can be amplified by your equipment to make the signal stronger – that is, to increase the volume you hear via a speaker, or achieve longer range in transmission.

In a perfect world, the antenna would be made of copper or some other ultra-conductive metal. But at the masthead, strength and corrosion resistance are all important, so stainless steel generally rules here. That said, leading antenna manufacturers such as Glomex, Shakespeare and Amphenol Procom do all make marine aerials with a copper antenna sheathed in protective fibreglass. The problem is the extra windage.

Antenna length vs wavelength

The dimensions of the antenna are key. Operating at 156-162MHz, maritime VHF bands have a wavelength between 1.72m and 1.92m (the distance between peaks). There is a relationship between this wavelength and the antenna length, which means that VHF aerials range from about 25cm up to 5-6m. In marine, they are available as a 50cm shortened, a 1m dipole (half wave), a 2.5m collinear gain or 5m-plus collinear gain unit. As sailors mount their antenna at the masthead, the 100cm option is the most common.

The longer the antenna, the higher the so-called ‘gain’ – a measure of the increase in the signal strength. With no gain, the signal would resemble an apple – being broadcast evenly in all directions. The higher the gain, the more it is squashed, like a flat peach – until it becomes a narrow disc. So higher gain means better range, but a narrower beam horizontal width. ‘On a sailboat, you would probably have 3dBi antenna, because the signal that comes out is like a big fat doughnut, or a lightbulb,’ says Dave Manasseh of antenna-maker Shakespeare.

‘So, as the boat rolls or pitches, you’ll still be able to see it. On a 6dBi antenna the signal is more like a row of torches, where the beam shoots up into the sky and down to the sea as you roll. If you’re going to use a higher gain antenna, you need to put it on a stable platform.’

VHF antenna height

Because radio signals are limited to a line-of-sight range, height is vital. An antenna positioned 2m above the waves will have a horizon of five miles, whereas one at 15m could manage ten miles. Assuming the receiving station has its antenna at a similar height, the range is doubled. Sea waves can obstruct the signal, which has a greater impact at lower heights.

Capable modern VHF radios are only as good as the cable, connectors and antenna they are connected to. Photo: Ian Geraint Jones/Shutterstock

Coaxial cable

You can have the best antenna in the world, perfectly installed at the masthead, but if the cabling that connects it to your VHF radio set is of poor quality, you’ll never get a good signal out of it. In the car analogy, it would be as if the fuel line to the engine were too narrow and you couldn’t use its maximum power.

Coaxial cable used in VHF setups has a conductive core surrounded by an insulator, with a metallic shield around that and an outer plastic sheath to protect it. The insulator keeps the core and the shield at a constant distance from each other, to maximise signal quality. And the shield is there to intercept electromagnetic interference and conduct it away from the sensitive core.

Just like electrical wiring, coaxial cable comes in different thicknesses and different qualities. Most of us will have the standard RG58 cable aboard. It’s entry-level stuff, with a copper core and a braided metal shield. It is flexible and relatively cheap, and good for shorter cable runs. For longer runs, you would benefit from using a more conductive cable, such as RG213/UR67, which has twice the diameter.

A coaxial’s core conductor is protected by an insulator and a metallic shield that prevents interference along its length. Photo: Flegere/Shutterstock

RG8X is another commonly used cable which sits between the two in terms of performance. But the sky is the limit – you can spend money on silver plating, quadruple shields, and more. ‘Coaxial cable has losses within it, so you want the best quality conductor for your antenna,’ explains Manasseh. ‘A solid copper element coated in silver has even fewer losses, but it only makes a difference at the extremities and costs twice the price.’

Ian Lockyer at Icom UK says that it depends on the length of the cable run. ‘As a rule of thumb, RG58 is good for up to 10m, and if you are using RG213, that is good for up to 30m. Any longer than that, and you need to go for Heliax.’

Most yachts have standard RG58 coaxial cabling

Good quality connectors are also important, and bear in mind that the more connectors there are in the system, the more points of potential failure and resistance there will be. Gold connectors offer the best conductivity, but are often subject to poor installation.

Many sailors will have Shakespeare’s V-Tronix Hawk fitted, combining a wind indicator and a 1m antenna. This comes with 20m of RG58 cable, and its base connector means that no other type of cable fits here.

‘Our standard Hawk whip flex comes with 20m of cable,’ says Manasseh. ‘It’s an acceptable amount of loss, but we advise you cut it to a minimum. Some people will keep the cable and coil it up behind the radio – never do that. Others leave a short 50cm pigtail of the RG58 to connect to the Hawk, then use an adapter to wire in a better quality cable down the mast and into the radio set.’

A cheap, simple splitter will accommodate FM and AIS

Masthead real-estate is pretty limited, and it’s tough to run new cables down the mast and through the deck. So most people prefer to use a single antenna for all their VHF requirements, including FM radio (88-108MHz) and AIS (161.975MHz and 162.025MHz). The same antenna and cable can certainly do this job, but you’ll need a signal splitter to separate the three elements and send them to the right devices.

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Where you have an AIS receiver only, you can fit a simple splitter for around £50. It is designed to prioritise the VHF and prevent your broadcast from being directed into the sensitive electronics of the FM and AIS gear.

It gets a little more complicated when you have an AIS transceiver that is also broadcasting at up to 12W itself. In this case, you need an active splitter which will switch between the two and isolate both. Some AIS units have these already built in, but you can buy external ones costing £200-£600. If you’re looking at something with a much lower price tag than that, beware! It probably only works with AIS receivers.

There is a downside to splitters, however. The electronics reduce the receive signal strength a little, chipping away at the gain of your antenna. This is especially true if you buy a cheap one. On the other hand, Vesper Marine claims its SP-160 splitter has the opposite effect because it contains a low-noise amplifier that actually boosts the incoming AIS signal (its 12dB figure provides no context, however). This could prove valuable with the proliferation of low-power MOB and SART beacons that use AIS.

Busy seaways are becoming saturated with digital vessel data

Improving bandwidth

The VHF spectrum is finite and there’s huge pressure on its use. Some busy marine areas inshore are so saturated with AIS data that broadcasting and reception becomes haphazard. Work is, though, now under way to broaden use of the marine VHF spectrum and harmonise it with satellite and terrestrial-based transceivers. It’s hoped that this so-called VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) will achieve 32 times better bandwidth.

VDES is still in early testing, so there are no products for leisure sailors that are capable of tapping into it. But many in the industry believe that will change in the next decade. Real-time weather observations, two-way comms and ice forecasts all become possible under VDES. And it will all be integrated into one unit. It’s a process that is already under way in products like Vesper Marine’s Cortex. Fortunately, the VHF component will function perfectly well with an existing antenna.

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