victory 35 catamaran

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S/V Quartersplash is a 2000 Endeavor Victory 35 catamaran, for sale by owner. Asking price is $146,000.  Cruising ready with numerous upgrades listed below. Quartersplash is currently located in Puerto Escondido Marina, near Loreto, BCS, MX, in dry storage. Puerto Escondido marina has affordable and available mooring the Sea of Cortez with reasonable rates. Puerto Escondido is easily accessible with a major airport 10 miles away, serviced by Alaska and American airlines and several Mexican carriers. We have enjoyed our time on the Sea with her and hope to find someone else who enjoys her as much as we did. Quartersplash is an ideal Sea of Cortez exploration vessel. Very stable, economical and comfortable platform sailing or at anchor. We made numerous additions and upgrades to Quartersplash. This a boat that is at home on the hook, dockside, or underway.  This vessel is easily sailed single-handed as all lines lead back to the helm which has an electric winch. The dodger provides excellent visibility and protection. Instrumentation includes a new (2022) Furuno depth sounder/fish finder; Raymarine Wheel Pilot, chart plotter, two USB outlets and an AC at the helm. NexGen 5kw diesel generator, CruiseAir A/C (works GREAT!), Spectra Water Maker, economical YanMar 40 HP diesel engine with Stillete single propulsion system. The comfortable cockpit is covered by a Sunbrella dodger and bimini and provides ready access to the stern and side decks. There is a custom boarding ladder on both the port and starboard side with a ladder extension to make getting onboard the sugar scoop easy. Hard foredeck with complete marine grade tubular chrome life lines, 44 lb Bruce anchor, Maxwell electric windlass with 200 feet of chain rode. There is ample room for extra sails, fenders and lines in the forward locker. The comfortable salon boasts an three burner propane stove, stainless double sink, oven, AC/DC Norcold fridge/freezer, 12 volt fans, plentiful 120 volt, 12V and USB outlets. The salon has its own CruiseAir reverse cycle AC unit providing either cool air or heat if needed. In this Owners’ Version, there are two king berths and one “bunk room” with two single berths. On the starboard side is the owner’” berth, adjacent to the sink, head, and stand-up full size shower; the port side has the other king berth, sink and bunk room. Ample louvered teak lockers and drawers on both sides. All berths have hatch openings to the deck, port lights, reading lights and fans. Quartersplash includes an asymmetrical spinnaker. The electrical system was upgraded in 2022 with new lithium iron-phosphate house batteries. A semi-custom aluminum stern arch with 380 watts of solar panels on three Victron controllers that include Bluetooth controls. The boat is self-sufficient at anchor with no need to run the generator except to make water as long as there is sunshine. The stern arch also has a set of dinghy davits. Quartersplash was built in Florida and is available for sale in Loreto, BCS.

Continue to S/V Quartersplash's Catamaran Photos

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Catamaran Inventory

• NexGen 5kw diesel
• Two deep stainless sinks
• Three burner propane stove and oven
• NorCold fridge/freezer
• New Steering station captain’s chair

Electronics

• Furuno depth sounder/fish finder
• Recent upgrades

Deck & Hull

• Please refer to specifications
• Marine grade tubular chrome life lines

Engines & Mechanical

• 40 HP diesel YanMar
• Stillete single propulsion system

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• Sailboat Guide

Cat Victory 35

Cat Victory 35 is a 35 ′ 0 ″ / 10.7 m catamaran sailboat designed by Bill Hephurn and built by Endeavour Catamaran Corp. between 1994 and 2001.

• 1 / 1 Loreto, BCS, MX 2000 Cat Victory 35 $146,000 USD View

Rig and Sails

Auxilary power, accomodations, calculations.

The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.

Classic hull speed formula:

Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWL

Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio .311 Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL

Sail Area / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.

SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64) 2/3

• SA : Sail area in square feet, derived by adding the mainsail area to 100% of the foretriangle area (the lateral area above the deck between the mast and the forestay).
• D : Displacement in pounds.

Ballast / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.

Ballast / Displacement * 100

Displacement / Length Ratio

A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat’s D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.

D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds.
• LWL: Waterline length in feet

Comfort Ratio

This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat’s hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat’s motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.

Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL + .3 LOA) x Beam 1.33 )

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds
• LOA: Length overall in feet
• Beam: Width of boat at the widest point in feet

Capsize Screening Formula

This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.

CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)

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Victory 35 cat

The victory 35 cat is a 35.0ft masthead sloop designed by bill hephurn and built in fiberglass by endeavour catamaran corp. between 1994 and 2001., 28 units have been built., it accomodates 5 people in 3 cabins plus salon..

The Victory 35 cat is a light sailboat which is a very high performer. The fuel capacity is average. There is a good water supply range.

Victory 35 cat for sale elsewhere on the web:

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The designer of the Victory 35 has created a comfortable & well-thought out catamaran for those who want to either cruise or live aboard for extended periods of time. A superb advantage of the Victory 35 is the headroom in the saloon of 2 metres (6ft 4″) + ! Two private cabins in port hull, owner’s cabin & heads in starboard hull plus room for workshop or office. Well-fitted U shaped galley. A very well maintained yacht that has a recent survey and is ready to cruise, just as suited through the canals to the Med as it is for family cruising in the UK.

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Sold Catamaran:

1999 endeavour victory 35 (35ft)-vessel summary.

BASIC SUMMARY

Dimensions & specifications, hull and deck configuration, engine details, generator details, dinghy details.

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Boat Description

The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors to investigate such details as the buyer desired validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice. Photos may not properly reflect the current condition of the actual vessel offered for sale. In some cases stock photographs may have been used.

Mechanical Disclaimer

Engine and generator hours are as of the date of the original listing and are a representation of what the listing broker is told by the owner and/or actual reading of the engine hour meters. The broker cannot guarantee the true hours. It is the responsibility of the purchaser and/or his agent to verify engine hours, warranties implied or otherwise and major overhauls as well as all other representations noted on the listing.

Dinghy Disclaimer

All dinghies are considered separate vessels and should have separate titles and documents. There is no guarantee as to the title of the dinghy on this vessel so Buyer accepts that while he may receive the dinghy included in the transaction, he may not receive the proper title to it.

Pier One Yacht Sales

35' Endeavour Catamaran Victory Catamaran

This is a very solid and well equipped catamaran. � She has 3 staterooms and 2 heads.� This boat is a perfect live aboard and cruising boat. She has a spacious feel to her inside and out. Generous amounts of headroom and elbow room in all cabins, very bright and well lit living areas, lots of great storage, comfortable accommodations and seating, spacious cockpit and easy to sail.

Built by Endeavour Yachts of Clearwater Florida this boat is exceptionally well constructed. To increase strength and reduce weight, this boat was built using State-of-art foam core, biaxial fiberglass, vinylester resin then vacuum bagged to produce an excellent strength to weight ratio.

This vessel has been on the hard for a couple of years and is in need of some TLC. The effort to get her ready to cruise would be well worth it. All offers presented.

Call Bud Mueller to set up an appointment to see this Cruising Cat.

• Specifications
• Description

12 Vdc system w/panel and breakers

120 Vac system/shore power/w/panel and breakers

Shore power cord 50 ft

Solar panels� 

Amp Air wind generator

Battery Charger

Garmin 3205 color Chart plotter

Garmin 3210 color chart plotter w/radar

Raymarine wheel autopilot/st4000

Raymarine wind instruments

Ritchie 5 in compass

Depth sounder

Log/speedometer

Brand: Yanmar diesel/2001

Model: 3JH3E

Hours: 1100

Stern drive

Cruising speed: 6.5 kn

Yanmar 3JH3E, � 3 cylinders diesel engine.

Inboard/Outboard (stern drive) with a manual hydraulic pump to lift the drive unit out of the water when under sails, in order to reduce drag. The access to the engine is from above through a huge hatch in the cockpit. Access from all 4 sides.� 

The access to the drive unit is through a locker and a hatch. In the locker there is a manual hydraulic pump, very easy and simple to use when you wish to lift or drop the drive unit.

This is a single engine at the boat's center line. For steering - the helm controls the rudders and another lever controls the drive unit separately to allow better maneuverability in tight spaces.�  � 

Beam: 16 ft

Bridge clearance: 49 ft

Draft: 3 ft 5 in

Dry weight: 9500 lbs

Fuel: 50 gal/1 tank

Water: 100 gal/1 tank

Holding: 25 gal/1 tank

Cockpit shower

Radar reflector

Tender/West Marine 9 ft RIB

Mercury OB 2.5 hp w/rail mount

Swim ladder

Cockpit table

Cockpit cushions

Bow anchor roller/double

Claw and plow anchor w/chain and rope

Cockpit and bow cat bird seats

The Victory 35 is designed to provide maximum cruising and liveaboard comfort.�  She features three comfortable staterooms and� a large� head with stall shower. You will be surprised by the incredible amount of storage found throughout the boat.� Ten opening deck hatches and seven opening ports provide excellent ventilation throughout the boat.

The main salon is spacious, bright and airy.�  The large fixed windows provide a spectacular panoramic view and the 6' 4" headroom giving the impression you are on a much larger boat.

The U-shaped galley has ample counter space to prepare sumptuous meals for the captain and crew. It features a double sink, two burner stove and oven, microwave and a two door refrigerator/freezer.� 

A large L-shaped settee is forward to port and a chart table is just aft with the electrical panel located conveniently below.

The Owner's stateroom is in the starboard hull aft and features� a queen size berth. A roomy head and separate stall shower is located forward

The Port hull has a VIP stateroom Aft with a queen berth.� Forward are over under berths �  with a head forward. �  A vanity and sink is next aft. � 1 Electric and 1 manual head

Air conditioning

Stainless stove w/oven

Refrigerator w/freezer

Hot and cold water

Stainless galley sink

Lots of galley storage

Mainsail w/stack pack and lazy jacks

49 ft mast height from water

Genoa w/roller furling

Asymmetric spinnaker

Sunshade fro salon windows

The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.

This is a new listing for Pier One Yacht Sales. Additional info and pictures will be added ASAP.� 

Some personal items not listed do not transfer with sale.

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The Victory Monument is a giant memorial in Moscow in the shape of an obelisk that is the tallest in Europe.

On Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow, in Victory Park, stands the obelisk known as the Victory Monument. Also known as Monument Pobedy, it was built in 1994–95, with the help of architects Leonid Vavakin and Vladimir Budaev, based on a plan by sculptor Zurab Tsereteli. The Victory Monument is 465 feet (142 m) tall, and it is not only the highest obelisk in Russia but also in Europe. It is also one of the tallest obelisks in the world. If the Eiffel Tower were considered a giant art tower rather than a historical monument, the Victory Monument would be the tallest monument in Europe.

Significance of the Victory Monument

The Victory Monument was built to commemorate the end of the Great Patriotic War which spanned between 1941 and 1945 and encompassed the German invasion of the Soviet Union. It is one of the first monuments to be built after the Soviet Union broke up. 

This 465-foot (142 m) tall, 1,000-ton trihedral monument represents a soldier’s bayonet rising to the sky. The Victory Monument is adorned with bas-reliefs from the Battle of Stalingrad  (1942), the  Battle of Kursk  (1943), and Operation Bagration (1944), as well as the glided names of each hero-cities.

Every 4 inches (10 cm) of the obelisk represents one day of the Great Patriotic War. This accommodates around 1,418 days.

The Victory Monument is crowned by a 25-ton bronze statue of Nika, the Greek goddess of victory, bearing a wreath and flanked by angelic figures playing trumpets. A mounted figure of Saint George, armed with a weapon, hits a serpent as a fascism symbol at the stele’s foot. This fascism is the invasion of Russia by Hitler ‘s Nazi Germany .

Dedicated on May 9, 1995, the monument was built in only nine months and stands today in front of the Museum of the Great Patriotic War (also known as the Victory Museum).

Design Features of the Victory Monument

The Victory Monument’s intricate design actually initially made it aerodynamically unsteady. This was because of the 25-ton bronze statue of Nika that stands 328 feet (100 m) above. To accommodate the instability and wobbliness, it was necessary to pour 70,600 ft 3 (2000 m 3 ) of concrete into the base.

The wind laboratory at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute was used to test the obelisk’s design, which made it possible to fine-tune its aerodynamic properties. 

The monument’s 26-foot (8 m) base is composed of two steel spheres. It is anchored to a concrete block that is roughly 131 feet (40 m) in circumference and is 12 feet (3.7 m) below the ground. The bearing structure of the stele is made of high-carbon steel type 09G2U, which can be found on the stele’s supporting section. TsNIIPSK’s plans call for gas-thermal blasting to prevent corrosion of steel buildings.

At 465 feet (142 m), the Victory Monument is the tallest obelisk both in Russia and in Europe.

The Victory Monument features a dynamic tremor-damping system. The primary one weighs 10 tons and is hidden behind a statue of the deity Nike. There are also special counterweights placed in the legs of the Nike statue to maintain the balance of the monument.

There are service chambers inside the base of the memorial with equipment for lightning and ventilation, along with signaling devices, etc. The stele has a utility lift that travels 285 feet (87 m) to the top.

The Victory Monument was restored and fortified in 2011. The Moscow mayor’s office set aside money to repair the monument’s covering and shield it from resonance vibrations and corrosion. Five million rubles ($167,000) were spent on restoring everything.

History of the Victory Monument

In the middle of the 1940s, architects Sergey Nanushyan and Leonid Pavlov proposed competing designs for a memorial complex in Moscow to commemorate the end of the Great Patriotic War.

The “Patriotic War” was the name given to the Russian people’s struggle against  Napoleon ‘s French conquest of Russia. The “Great Patriotic War”, on the other hand, was the German aggression against the Soviet Union between 1941 and 1945.

Nanushyan wanted to construct a 50-meter-tall “Victory Monument” on the stone platform named Lobnoye Mesto located in Red Square. But Pavlov envisioned an “Arch of Heroes” in its place. However, CCCP Secretary Joseph Stalin did not approve of these endeavors.

In 1955, at Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov’s urging, the CPSU Central Committee revived plans for the memorial. Moscow’s Victory Monument was approved by the Politburo on May 31, 1957, and construction began the following year on “Defender of the Fatherland Day,” February 23.

The foundation stone of the Victory Monument was laid on Poklonnaya Hill, and read, “Here the monument to the Soviet people’s victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 will be built.”

A Cancelled Proposition

In 1985, when Victory Park was still in the planning stages, a competition was launched to find the finest design for the Victory Monument. Based on its findings, a monument was to be constructed by architects Lev Golubovsky and Yakov Belopolsky and sculptor Nikolai Tomsky.

They proposed ditching the grandiose in favor of a more lifelike monument of 236 feet (72 m) in height made of red stone and portraying Red Army troops carrying the Soviet Union’s Victory Banner that had been shot through.

This sculpture was intended to be framed by two half-arches with a bell and cubic stones with the numerals “1941–1945” on cables. However, the plan was scrapped because its parade-like aesthetic ran counter to other monuments in the city.

A New Open Competition

In the fall of 1986, an open design competition was launched for the memorial. A “rigid framework that constrained the creative imagination” led to the nullification of its first phase, which concluded in the spring of 1987.

At the start of 1988, more than five hundred submissions were on display at the Moscow Manege, from which the judges selected ten to advance to the next round. During the second round, which took place at the beginning of 1989, the judges found two promising designs and declared a third round. The evaluators did not choose a winner, but they did suggest ending the competition.

Without declaring any design competition, the monument’s construction resumed in 1993. Moscow’s chief architect, Leonid Vavakin, along with Vladimir Budaev and artist Zurab Tsereteli, were tapped to lead the project.

The construction of Moscow’s Victory Monument was executed by two companies, including “ TsNIIPSK Named After N. P. Melnikov ,” along with the help of several engineers. The memorial was constructed in just nine months and dedicated in front of the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, also known as the Victory Museum, on May 9, 1995.

Victory Monument at a Glance

What is the victory monument, and why was it built.

The Victory Monument is a 465-foot (142 m) tall obelisk located in Victory Park, Moscow. It was built to commemorate the end of the Great Patriotic War, a period of German aggression against the Soviet Union that lasted from 1941 to 1945. The monument was built in only nine months, from 1994 to 1995, with the help of architects Leonid Vavakin and Vladimir Budaev, based on a plan by sculptor Zurab Tsereteli.

What is the significance of the Victory Monument?

The Victory Monument is significant because it commemorates the end of the Great Patriotic War, which is an important event in Russian history. The monument represents a soldier’s bayonet rising to the sky and is adorned with bas-reliefs from the Battle of Stalingrad (1942), the Battle of Kursk (1943), and Operation Bagration (1944), as well as the glided names of each hero-cities. It is also crowned by a 25-ton bronze statue of Nika, the Greek goddess of victory, bearing a wreath and flanked by angelic figures playing trumpets. A mounted figure of Saint George, armed with a weapon, hits a serpent as a fascism symbol at the stele’s foot, which represents the invasion of Russia by Hitler’s Nazi Germany.

What are the design features of the Victory Monument?

The Victory Monument’s design is intricate, and it initially made the monument aerodynamically unsteady. To address this issue, 70,600 ft3 (2000 m3) of concrete was poured into the base to accommodate the monument’s instability and wobbliness. The wind laboratory at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute was used to test the obelisk’s design, which made it possible to fine-tune its aerodynamic properties. The monument’s 26-foot (8 m) base is composed of two steel spheres anchored to a concrete block that is roughly 131 feet (40 m) in circumference and is 12 feet (3.7 m) below the ground. The bearing structure of the stele is made of high-carbon steel type 09G2U, which can be found on the stele’s supporting section. The Victory Monument also features a dynamic tremor-damping system, and there are service chambers inside the base of the memorial with equipment for lightning and ventilation, along with signaling devices.

• Featured Image: Bernt Rostad Flickr
• (Russian) – Unbending: the history and structure of the Victory Monument on Poklonnaya Hill – Realty.ria.ru
• (Russian) – The Last Soviet Memorial – Kommersant.ru

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V-E DAY PLUS 50: THE OVERVIEW

V-E DAY PLUS 50: THE OVERVIEW; Allied Victory in Europe Is Commemorated in Moscow

By R. W. Apple Jr.

• May 10, 1995

More than 6,000 Russian veterans of World War II, with medals gleaming on their chests and scarlet battle streamers flying from their flagstaffs, marched briskly across the ancient cobblestones of Red Square this morning to mark the 50th anniversary of the Allied victory over Nazi Germany.

Standing atop Lenin's red granite mausoleum, with the patriarch's name camouflaged by greenery, President Boris N. Yeltsin recalled "the terrible price we paid to prevent the world from sliding into the abyss of fascism."

After ceremonies earlier this week in London, Paris, Berlin and Washington, the somber summing-up came in this capital that Hitler coveted for so long. The fearful struggle to defeat him cost the lives of more than 20 million people from the Soviet Union, a toll that far exceeded the losses of any other country in the war. By comparison, United States losses were about 400,000.

President Clinton stood in a group alongside the tomb, rather than on it with President Yeltsin, and some other national leaders timed their arrivals in Moscow to miss the parade entirely as a sign of disapproval of the Russian Government's use of crushing military force against the rebellion in the southern region of Chechnya.

But as at the D-Day ceremonies in Normandy last June, it was the veterans themselves, mostly in their 70's and 80's, nearing the ends of long lives with their hours of valor a half-century behind them, who touched the hearts of those who watched. Dressed in blue dress uniforms or business suits, striding a bit stiffly but in good order, they wore expressions of soldierly impassivity as they turned to salute Mr. Yeltsin and Gen. Pavel S. Grachev, the Defense Minister, who directed the Chechen campaign.

"I just can't get over the faces," Mr. Clinton told an aide later. "The faces are incredible."

Laid aside for the moment, out of respect for the Soviet Union's incalculable sacrifices and heroic deeds during the war, were other contemporary tensions, including Russia's fierce opposition to the expansion of NATO to include some of the former Soviet satellite nations in Central Europe, a proposed $1 billion sale of Russian nuclear technology to Iran and profound differences over Bosnia. Mr. Clinton, searching for breakthroughs but under pressure from the Republicans at home to concede nothing in the process, will take up those issues with Mr. Yeltsin on Wednesday.

The Russian leader said nothing about Chechnya and nothing about Stalin, the wartime Russian leader who held the Soviet Union in a totalitarian grip for decades. His themes were reconciliation and unity, and the panorama in Red Square was dominated by a four-story-high portrait of a Russian soldier embracing an American counterpart that had been hung from the crenellated red-brick History Museum.

Britain, France, the United States and Russia came together in the face of a common threat 50 years ago, Mr. Yeltsin said, and that provided "a valuable lesson." He spoke of "the unification of the forces of good," and said of the 50-odd nations represented today, "We are one."

Mr. Clinton struck a similar note later, calling for a return to the spirit of cooperation that prevailed during the war, which he said showed "all that is possible when our people are joined in a just cause."

"You wrote some of the greatest chapters of heroism," the American President said. "I have come here today on behalf of all the people of the United States to express our deep gratitude for all that you gave and for all that you lost."

The Russian Government, eager to show the world and its own people that theirs remains a proud and powerful nation, put on perhaps the most elaborate military pageant seen here since the early 1980's, at the end of the Brezhnev era. The hammer and sickle and the Soviet star, symbols of the Communist Party, which led the nation to victory, were prominently displayed despite its fall from power.

At the Red Square ceremony earlier in the day, under a hazy northern sun, bands arrayed in front of the GUM department store played marches, choirs sang Russian folk songs, artillery batteries fired salutes along the Moscow River and colorful hot-air balloons floated overhead, landing later amidst the flowering apple trees on the lawn of the Bolshoi Theater.

The honor of carrying the red flag of victory went to Gen. Mikhail P. Odintsov, 73, a World War II fighter pilot. But there were also conspicuous places for army and navy veterans, including many women who fought in what Russians call the Great Patriotic War. In the crowd were Allied veterans, including an American contingent in red windbreakers and green caps, and Russians holding photos of relatives who died in the war.

Afterward, in an indication of how much dissatisfaction the Yeltsin Government has created, thousands of ordinary Muscovites joined a contingent of veterans in a pro-Communist, pro-Soviet march through the center of the city, ending at the dreaded Lubyanka prison, the headquarters of the secret police. Some shouted slogans through bullhorns, and many others carried anti-Government banners.

A few hundred present-day Russian troops, including some who fought in Chechnya, took part in the Red Square parade. But more than 9,000 joined with 253 tanks and 70 aircraft at a later march-past at the new War Museum at Poklonnaya Gora, a high point in western Moscow where Napoleon waited in vain in 1812 for the surrender of the capital. Mr. Clinton, Prime Minister John Major of Britain and other leaders of allied nations took part in its dedication, but arrived only after the parade had concluded.

President Eduard Shevardnadze of Georgia, once the Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, said it should be the role of the new Russia as the leader of a powerful federation "to command without oppressing."

The show of muscle was clearly meant to suggest to other corners of the Russian Federation that Moscow can suppress rebellions on a scale far larger than that in Chechnya, but it may also have sharpened worries in Warsaw, Prague and Budapest, which have never wholly accepted assurances of benign Russian intentions.

In diplomatic and political terms, aides of President Clinton took pains even before he arrived here to play down expectations. Even if he returns home empty-handed, they said, he will have accomplished something if he takes a tough line with the Russians. In any event, they argued, he could hardly have snubbed the Russians on an occasion of such historic importance as today's and hoped to maintain any productive dialogue.

Mr. Clinton played a minor role today, speaking only briefly at the War Museum and offering a ceremonial toast at tonight's state dinner in the glass and marble Palace of Congresses inside the Kremlin.

But there was no hiding the mutual distrust that has begun to undermine the cordial relations between the two leaders and their countries, and that has given this trip, Mr. Clinton's second to Moscow as President, considerable substantive import.

The House Speaker, Representative Newt Gingrich, and other Republicans warned last week that if the Russians insisted on selling nuclear reactors and equipment useful in making nuclear bombs to Iran, it could have "catastrophic consequences" on Congressional backing for United States aid to Moscow.

Having taken part in V-E Day observances on Monday morning at Arlington National Cemetery and nearby Fort Myer, Va., Mr. Clinton flew through the night to Europe, arriving shortly after dawn. He went almost immediately to central Moscow, where he laid a wreath at the Russians' Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

A red granite slab, it lies against the wall of the Kremlin, the symbol of Russian power for centuries, and marks the grave of an unidentified soldier -- one of the heroes who in the autumn of 1941 stopped the Nazi columns at Kryukovo, just a few miles northwest of the Moscow city limits on the road to St. Petersburg. The capital's desperate defenders were commanded by Marshal Georgi Zhukov, whose square-jawed visage looked down on central Moscow today from dozens of color posters.

Victory in the battle for Moscow was the key turning point in the entire war, some argue, because for the first time the German blitzkrieg had been stopped. But years of awful carnage remained. Russia won the savage battle at Stalingrad, now Volgograd, and broke the 900-day siege of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg, in which a million people lost their lives.

All hostilities ceased at midnight May 8, 1945, and that date has always been celebrated in the United States and Western Europe as V-E Day.

But the Russians insisted that the ratification ceremony held on May 9 in the enemy capital, Berlin, marked the actual end of the war, and it is that date that the Russians have always celebrated as Victory Day.

Russia has been building up to today's ceremony for almost a week, with placards, billboards and banners everywhere emblazoned with the word "Slava!" ("Glory!") and celebrations in cities large and small.

The St. Petersburg Philharmonic, for instance, played on Sunday night a stirring concert under Vladimir Ashkenazy that included music by Elgar and Milhaud to celebrate the wartime alliance with Britain and France and concluded with Shostakovich's blazingly martial Seventh Symphony, which was composed under fire in Leningrad in the worst days of the siege.

Little-mentioned lately has been the long, harsh winter of the cold war and the gulags. It is as if Stalin's promise to Churchill in May 1945 to work for "the further successful development in the postwar period of the friendly relations that have grown up between our countries" had been honored, not breached.

Victory Monument

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