yachts and storms

Can Yachts Survive Hurricanes & Rough Weather? (Explained)

Some yachts are built to withstand rough weather and high seas.  However, no yacht is designed to withstand hurricanes.  They may survive them while out at sea, but they aren’t intended to do so.

Other yachts aren’t built to withstand rough waters or strong storms at all.

In this post, I’ll answer these questions in detail so that you’ll know what kind of yacht you need to buy to survive in rough weather:

Table of Contents

The Hull Plays A Vital Role

A boat hull is either designed as a displacement hull or a planning hull:

• Displacement hulls move within the water.
• Planing hulls ride on top of the water.

An example of a planning hull can be found on Jon boats and airboats:

To survive in rough water, you’ll need to be in a boat with a displacement hull.

This is where the boat lays lower in the water, and the hull displaces the water.

However, not all displacement hulls are equal.

Some displacement hulls have deep V shapes or deep keels, while others do not.

The deeper the V or the keel, the more likely it is that the boat can withstand choppy water.

This is why you’ll notice category A yachts will often have deeper hulls than category D yachts.  For more information on yacht categories, take a look at the post titled, “Can Yachts Cross The Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.”

The hull’s shape isn’t the only thing to consider when assessing a yacht’s ability to survive in rough weather.  A hull needs to be built solidly enough to withstand the constant pounding of the sea.

On top of this, it might be important that the hull be strong enough to take impacts with other objects while on the water.  A yacht might not be out to sea when experiencing rough weather, so it’s important that its hull can take hits from debris and shallow areas without falling apart.

A rudder is the part of the boat that determines which way the boat will go.

This simple structure is located just past the propeller at the back of the boat.

In addition to steering, a rudder can also be used to help slow a boat down or to keep it from rolling under certain conditions. 

Being able to steer and being able to slow down is important in fair weather, and it is especially important during rough weather when a boat can be pushed into dangerous obstacles more easily.

A yacht owner will want to make sure that their rudder is in good condition before heading out into bad weather.  This can be done by making sure it does not have any corrosion, cracks, or pits in it.

Neglect to do this and the strong currents that rough weather often brings can destroy the rudder and leave the yacht owner with the inability to steer.

The Sails Must Be In Good Shape

New composite membrane sails will stay stiffer than Dacron sails, which leads to less heel.

This is useful for racing and cruising, and it’s especially useful during rough weather when the sailor needs every advantage he can get.

The material of the sail is just a part of what makes a sail good in rough weather.

Regardless of what sails you have on your sailing yacht, they’ll need to be in good condition.  This needs to be checked all of the time so that the sails are ready for rough weather when it comes.

Proper cleaning and storage of the sail are what will keep the sails in good condition for when they are needed.

This can be done by rinsing the salt water off of the sails with freshwater, letting the sails dry out before storage, and properly flaking the sails as recommended by the sail loft.

The Fuel Tanks Must Be Big

Rough weather can tax a motor boat’s engine.  This is because the winds pick up and the currents become stronger.

The engine then begins to burn fuel at a much faster rate than it does in fair weather.

For this reason, a motor yacht with a larger fuel tank might be needed to travel through rough weather.  Additionally, many yacht owners deal with hurricanes by navigating out of the path of the hurricane.

A larger fuel tank will help the yacht owner put more distance between themselves and the hurricane.

The Bilge Pumps Is Important

A bilge pump works to remove water from the boat.

During stormy weather, water will move into the boat much more quickly than it does under normal conditions.

For starters, a rainstorm can drop several inches of rain onto a yacht, creating over 700 gallons of water over a 50 feet boat.  Fortunately, most of this water flows overboard.

On top of this, rough winds can send seawater into the boat in much greater quantities than normal.  All of this excess water will lead to the bilge pumps having to work harder than usual.  If the bilge pumps go down, the boat could end up filling up with too much water.

This will slow the boat down, make it harder to steer, and in extreme cases, could even lead to the boat sinking.

The Lights Must Work Properly

Rough weather can bring dark storm clouds with it.

In this case, you may need your lights to help you navigate through the water and safely past other boaters.

You’ll need the proper red, green, and white lights on your yacht in order to safely and legally operate your boat under dark and cloudy skies.  The red light will need to be on your port side, the green light will need to be on your starboard side, and your light will need to be at the stern.

For a more in-depth look at light navigation rules, see our post titled, “ Boat Navigation Light Rules in Plain English .”

Concerns About The Radio

Your boat’s radio could end up saving your life.

While it’s important to try to ensure that your yacht can handle any weather you expose it to, this might not always be the case.  In this case, you may need to be rescued.  A good radio will give you the ability to call out for help when you need it.

A good radio may also give you the ability to help others in need.

Just because your yacht can handle rough weather doesn’t mean everyone else’s can.  Wouldn’t it be nice to know that you could help someone else out if they needed it?

NOAA radios are also important as they will tell the yacht owner what the weather is doing at any given time.  The weather can move quickly, and an NOAA radio will help to increase the amount of notice you get before encountering foul weather.  We’ll go into this in more detail in the next section.

The Weather Reports

The marine forecast is of vital importance to all boaters, especially yacht owners attempting to survive rough weather and hurricanes.

Luckily, the NOAA National Weather Service provides these forecasts free of charge.

Weather reports can warn yacht owners of impending storms and hurricanes so that they can be avoided.  They can also let yacht owners know what the winds and currents will look like.  In addition to the radio forecasts, today the forecasts are available graphically over the internet.

This can help yacht owners determine whether or not they should take their boat out and how much additional fuel they might need when they do.

Remember, stronger winds and currents could mean more fuel or less fuel depending on whether or not the yacht owner will be working with the winds and currents or against them.

Here are the NOAA weather radio frequencies:

• 162.400 MHz   (WX2)
• 162.425 MHz   (WX4)
• 162.450 MHz   (WX5)
• 162.475 MHz   (WX3)
• 162.500 MHz   (WX6)
• 162.525 MHz   (WX7)
• 162.550 MHz   (WX1)

These frequencies provide coverage up to 25 miles offshore.

The Boat’s Top Speed Is Important

The best way for a yacht to survive a hurricane is to move away from it before it hits.

A hurricane can travel at speeds of up to 10 to 35 miles an hour.  This is between 8 and 30 knots.

As long as your yacht can travel at this speed, you should be able to outrun it.  This is especially true if you’ve been watching the weather reports, as you’ll have plenty of time to get a head start on the hurricane.

Storms can also be fast-moving, but they’ll typically move at an even slower forward speed than a hurricane.  A thunderstorm may only move at about a speed of 20 miles per hour.

In this case, you’d need a boat that could surpass about 18 knots.

Of course, this is only if the hurricane is right next to your boat.

With a day or two of warning, the average 10-knot speed of a cruising yacht should be enough to allow the yacht to get out of the way of the storm’s path.

The Boat’s Weight

Heavier boats sit deeper in the water and provide more balance.

This is true whether you’re operating a sailing yacht or a power yacht.

The reason for this is that heavier boats have more mass.

When two objects collide, such as a boat and a wave , the one with higher mass isn’t affected as much.

The heavier your boat, the less it will be affected by larger waves.  This is the major reason why larger boats do better in rough weather.

The Boat’s Condition

Your boat should be in good condition and ready for rough weather at any time.

This can be done through regular boat inspections and by adhering to the regular maintenance schedule.

A yacht owner should inspect their boat before any trip they make out onto the water.

In fact, all boat owners should be checking their boats regularly, even if they never intend to leave the docks.  This is because you never know when you may have to drive your boat out of the path of a large storm or hurricane.

Some items to check are the engines, the sails, the fuel tanks, the bilge pumps, the propellers, and the rudders.  You’ll also want to check the lights, the hardware, and even the hull, the deck, and the sides of the boat.

The steering components should be checked regularly as well.  Cables, rudders, and keels all need to be in good working order, or you may not be able to leave when you need to.

The Yacht’s Crew

Without a doubt, the crew of the boat is the most critical factor when determining whether or not a yacht can survive bad weather, thunderstorms, and hurricanes.

A crew should be well-trained, diligent, and experienced.

The crew should also be dedicated, mentally and emotionally healthy, and unlikely to develop seasickness in rough seas.  This is because even the best trained and experienced crew isn’t going to do you any good if they don’t show up, can’t handle stress, or get too sick to help manage the boat during a storm.

Ideally, you’ll know how to operate your own yacht so that you can help get you, your boat, and the rest of the crew to safety in an emergency situation like rough weather.

Even if you have a full-time crew, you should practice with your boat regularly so that your skills remain sharp.

Boat Usability and User Fatigue

As far as a boat’s construction goes, many experts believe that the most crucial component that determines whether or not a boat can survive rough weather is the boat’s actual usability.

This is because a boat with poor usability can cause user fatigue much more quickly than a boat built with user ergonomics in mind.

At the end of the day, the crew needs to be of sound mind and body to successfully navigate their way through a storm or hurricane. 

They won’t be able to do this if they are too tired– or injured.

Here are 6 areas to consider when looking at a boat’s ergonomics:

• Foot Bracing Positions
• Bunk Sizes and Placements
• Galley Ergonomics
• Head Ergonomics

1) Handrails

Handrails need to be placed throughout the boat so that the crew can access them any time the boat heels or moves with the wind or water.

This is especially important during rough weather as the boat will be moving much more erratically than normal.  Failure to have access to handrails can lead to injuries, and people have even gone overboard in situations like these.

2) Foot Braces

Foot bracing positions need to be placed on sailing yachts.

A good foot brace will help sailors brace themselves while heeling and will drastically reduce the amount of fatigue they’ll experience while dealing with the high winds that rough weather always brings.

The seating in the boat also needs to be conducive to steering.

An autopilot system can go down, and it’s important that the people driving the boat have a comfortable and well-thought-out seat so that they can navigate without getting tired.

4) Bunk Sizes and Placements

Even the bunks of the yacht matter during a storm.

Bunks for the crew should be at least 30 inches wide so that the crew can comfortably sleep in them.  They also need to be positioned so that the crew does not fall out of them when the boat makes violent movements.

Fail to do this, and your crew will not get enough sleep to function properly when you need them the most.

5) The Location

The boat’s location will also determine whether or not it can handle rough weather.

For example, being too close to shore can often be fatal during a storm.

This is because a boat can be pushed into shallow water where they’re likely to experience steep breaking waves and suffer hull breaches and broken keels.

This is why some yacht owners head out to sea during bad weather to ride out the storm.

6) The Port

A yacht doesn’t always have to be manned or even operational for it to be destroyed during hurricanes and other forms of bad weather.

Some ports can shelter a yacht while others cannot.  Before leaving your boat at the port during a bad storm, you may want to check to see if the port is likely to survive the storm.

If the port is unlikely to survive, you’ll have to decide whether or not there is time to move it to a different port.  If you don’t have time to safely move the boat, just leave it and make sure your insurance is up to date.

You can replace a boat, but you can never replace the lives of you and your crew.

Final Thoughts

Yachts can and do survive rough weather like tropical storms and hurricanes.

However, this doesn’t mean you should tempt fate by going out on the water during these events.

Whenever possible, it is always best to help you, your yacht, and your crew to survive bad weather by avoiding it in the first place.  Sailing away from the storm or entering a sheltered port is usually the best course of action.

Click to share...

• Yachting World
• Digital Edition

Everything you need to know about Southern Ocean storms

• March 1, 2023

Expert weather guru, Chris Tibbs takes a look at Southern Ocean storms and considers how sailors can best take advantage - or avoid- them

Any colour you want as long as it’s grey! That’s my overriding memory of life in the Southern Ocean – we tend to forget the sun reflecting off icebergs and the aurora of the Southern Lights on the horizon at night, because it is the relentless succession of low-pressure systems rattling around the world that dominate the weather.

This gives periods of low cloud and rain to be followed by an active cold front and squally conditions. A temporary lull may occur as a ridge of high pressure builds… .before the next low is upon us and the pattern repeats until we escape from the area.

For many sailors the Southern Ocean is the holy grail of racing, with its reputation for fearsome storms and monster waves. But what makes it different from other storms and oceans? The remoteness, for one: knowing that the only help you’re likely to get is from other competitors and at times you’re closer to the International Space Station than any other person (beyond fellow competitors). The Oceanic Pole of Inaccessibility is at 48° 52.6’S and 123° 23.6’W and is the point on the globe furthest from any land (over 1,400 miles) – and it feels it!

I have been fortunate to race around the world three times; twice in the Whitbread Race and also as skipper in the BT Global Challenge (racing the wrong way around the world) and the depressions were bigger and fiercer than others I have experienced in other parts of the world.

Racing strategy indicates heading south to reduce the distance along the great circle route, and also to take advantage of the circumpolar current that continually circles the globe, without getting south of the low pressure systems and into head winds. In the days of the heavy IOR yachts of the early Whitbread races, the more wind you had the faster you went, with the cold and ice being the limiting factors.

Low pressure system west of the Antarctic Peninsula with a developing secondary low

Modern around the world races now have ice limits to prevent yachts getting too far south and into the areas where icebergs are known to be (though the Jules Verne record attempt does not); in addition modern racing yachts will go faster in lighter wind strengths and sea states.

Lows develop from different air masses coming together but not mixing, giving the different sectors of a depression quite different characteristics. Warm tropical maritime air will give low cloud, rain and drizzle with poor visibility, then as you are overtaken by the cold front this gives way to squalls with hailstones likely and gusty conditions.

Post-front showers and squalls will come through like a freight train with significant increases in wind. There is also a noticeable drop in temperature as the wind backs more to the south, although there may well be sunny spells.

With no land to stop the progression of the lows in the south they tend to develop and travel across large tracts of ocean before they eventually mature and decline. With a large area of cold water and, more importantly, cold air above to the south and warm, moist air to the north there is plenty of energy and temperature contrast to set things going. Once developed they are driven by the jet stream and continue their track for thousands of miles – compared to the depressions of the north Atlantic, for example, where after a couple of thousand miles the depressions reach Europe and decline.

he southern spring can generate fearsome depressions, such as the 60-knot storms which hit the 2018 Golden Globe fleet

The southern winter

Study has shown that the southern polar jet stream moves progressively further south during the southern hemisphere winter to around 60°S and becomes clearly separated from the sub-tropical jet stream near 30°S. However, during the summer months it moves north and becomes less well split from the sub-tropical jet stream; often a single jet stream can be found near 40°S.

This indicates that the later in the season racing yachts circumnavigate, the further north the tracks of depressions are likely to be and in general the less aggressive they are, so a more favourable passage through the Southern Ocean is likely to be in March than December.

Article continues below…

Southern Ocean Seas

Fedor Konyukhov battered by storms

How to follow The Ocean Race Leg 3 (and why you should)

This weekend five crewed IMOCA 60s will take to the startline for the third leg of The Ocean Race, on…

Cold, active fronts

Not only are lows likely to be bigger in the Southern Ocean and cover large areas, they will generally be shown with just a cold front; we will still get conditions usually associated with a warm sector, it is just that there is not a well-defined warm front. Fronts define the boundaries between different air masses and while no two lows are ever identical, so it’s also true that no two cold fronts are the same.

In the Atlantic it’s not always the case that the cold front is the more active front. However, in the Southern Ocean it is nearly always the case that the cold front will be the more active, with strong winds, squalls and hail. I once experienced a 100-knot squall in the Southern Ocean and on a number of occasions fronts passed through with 80-knot squalls. These active fronts are known as ana cold fronts, named due to the warmer air ascending up the frontal boundary, generating large cumulonimbus clouds and intense squalls.

Crews in The Ocean Race are taking on a mamoth Southern Ocean leg in early 2023. Photo: Stefan Leitner / Austrian Ocean Racing powered by Team Genova

Ahead of the front we can expect a period of steady wind with drizzle and poor visibility. This is the time yachts can make good progress – the faster the boat, the longer they can keep ahead of the cold front. As the front gets closer the wind will become gustier with bands of heavy rain. This is where life becomes more interesting with gusty wind making for more testing sailing.

It is this relatively quiet period that sailors want to really maximise, where big mileages can be made in comparatively flat seas. However, it’s never straightforward, as it’s a balancing act between positioning yourself for the approaching front, not getting too far south to the strongest wind and the restrictions of ice gates, and not too far north into lighter winds and a longer route. Ana cold fronts are vicious but not all the same: prefrontal troughs can give a wild ride ahead of the front but if the front is in decline you may get spat out the back with lighter wind after the squalls.

Secondary lows

If the lows were consistent and regular it would be possible to plot a passage through, but they are not. It’s important to keep an eye out for secondary lows. These are small lows that develop on the cold front and can deepen quickly. If one develops to the north the best result is a period of calmer conditions as it passes through, the worst case scenario being a period of violent headwinds if caught on the wrong side of the new low.

Secondary lows are best spotted on satellite imagery by a change in cloud patterns and should be in forecasts, but are not always picked up in weather models until too late.

On one race in the Indian Ocean a secondary low developed close to the north of us. Conditions went from a westerly gale to nothing as the low passed close overhead with a horrendous sea state, then almost instantaneous headwinds of 50 knots had us scrambling for storm sails, all in one four-hour watch!

Grey, grey and more grey is a feature of Southern Ocean sailing. Photo: Charles Drapeau / GUYOT environnement – Team Europe

The waves are unfettered by an almost infinite fetch and after a few days of near gale force westerly or north-westerly winds, followed by a backing of the wind and gales from the south-west, the result is a sea state like a washing machine, only more dangerous.

Even when we think the end is in sight and Cape Horn beckons, at 56°S it may be the furthest south we get on the race. It is a bottleneck of weather and waves. Quite often a large, slow moving low develops west of the Antarctic Peninsula. The landmass of South America funnels the wind, predominantly north-westerly here, and the seas are the highest of anywhere.

Horn bottleneck

The large slow moving low spins off secondary lows with great regularity. These secondary lows can be active and further north than previous lows. Throw into the mix that to the south-west of Cape Horn the ocean floor rises from 4,000m to 100m within a few kilometres, and the resulting large waves and swell, with a rapidly shallowing water, can make the exit from the Southern Ocean particularly exciting. It was here on my second Whitbread that the last storm of the Southern Ocean overtook us.

Classic pre-front conditions had given a fast run towards the Horn though we’d been pushed further south than we really wanted to be. However, the backing wind after the front would take care of this. Like any cold front we were ready with reduced sail for the expected squalls – what we were not ready for was close to 100 knots. The front arrived and with it the mainsail disintegrated as we tried to put in the third reef, with just a blast reacher (jib top) the log was showing 20 knots and the anemometer was up against the stops.

As the sun came out all that could be seen was white water and, close by, a fishing boat! What they must have thought of crews sailing by Cape Horn for pleasure will never be known. After a couple of hours of squalls we were back to normal as we passed through the Le Mare Straits – we got away with it by the skin of our teeth because an uncontrolled broach in those conditions could have been disastrous.

If you enjoyed this….

Yachting World is the world’s leading magazine for bluewater cruisers and offshore sailors. Every month we have inspirational adventures and practical features to help you realise your sailing dreams. Build your knowledge with a subscription delivered to your door. See our latest offers and save at least 30% off the cover price.

Boat Storms: Essential Guide for Yacht Preparedness

When it comes to sailing, one of the inevitable challenges that every yacht owner may face is encountering rough weather and boat storms. While modern weather forecasting has significantly improved, ensuring you never find yourself exposed to extreme conditions is nearly impossible. Gear failure, charter schedules, or unexpected weather patterns can all contribute to unexpected encounters with storms at sea. In this guide, we’ll explore smart planning, safety measures, and long-term strategies that will help yacht owners embrace weather challenges and navigate through boat storms with confidence.

Embracing Weather Challenges: Smart Planning for Boat Storms

Understanding weather dynamics.

To effectively prepare for boat storms, it’s essential to have a solid understanding of weather dynamics. Keep an eye on weather forecasts through reliable sources like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Learning to interpret cloud patterns, wind shifts, and changes in barometric pressure can provide crucial insights into approaching storms.

Essential Gear for Storm Safety

Investing in essential gear is paramount to ensuring your safety during boat storms. Some must-have items include life jackets, harnesses, and tethers for you and your crew. Additionally, consider stocking your yacht with emergency supplies such as first aid kits, flares, EPIRBs (Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons), and a well-equipped storm toolkit.

Navigating Through Boat Storms with Confidence

Techniques for handling rough seas.

When confronted with rough seas, knowing how to handle your yacht is crucial. Experienced sailors understand the importance of adjusting sail plans. Reducing sail area by reefing and deploying storm sails like a trysail and storm jib can help maintain control in high-speed winds.

Communication During Storms

Effective communication is vital for crew safety during boat storms. Ensure everyone on board is familiar with emergency procedures and knows how to use communication equipment, including VHF radios and satellite phones. Designate a communications officer responsible for maintaining contact with rescue services if needed.

Advanced Electronics: Staying Safe in Rough Seas

In the midst of a storm, modern electronic equipment can be an invaluable ally for yacht owners and their crews. Cutting-edge navigation technology, as discussed in our previous article on boat gadgets, provides real-time weather updates, GPS tracking, and advanced radar systems that enhance your ability to navigate safely through treacherous conditions. These electronic aids offer critical information, such as wind speed and direction, wave height, and storm trajectory, enabling you to make informed decisions and choose the safest routes. Additionally, advanced communication equipment, including satellite phones and emergency beacons, can be lifesavers, ensuring that help is just a call away in times of distress. 

Yacht Recovery and Maintenance After the Storm

Assessing and repairing storm damage.

After surviving a boat storm, your yacht may have incurred damage. Conduct a thorough assessment of your vessel to identify any issues. Address structural damage, assess rigging, and repair sails or other equipment. Prompt repairs are essential to ensure the seaworthiness of your yacht.

Professional Services for Comprehensive Checks

Consider enlisting the services of professional yacht inspectors and marine surveyors to perform comprehensive checks on your vessel. They can identify hidden damage and provide expert guidance on necessary repairs and maintenance. Additionally, consult yacht upholstery specialists to assess and repair any damage to interior furnishings.

Long-Term Strategies for Yacht Owners

Upgrading your yacht for storm endurance.

Investing in yacht upgrades can enhance your vessel’s storm endurance. Consider reinforcing hatches, windows, and doors to prevent water ingress. Installing a robust anchoring system and sea anchor can provide stability during storms. Modern advancements in weather forecasting and navigation technology can also improve your ability to avoid storms.

Regular Training and Drills

Yacht owners and their crews should undergo regular training and emergency drills. Practice reefing sails, heaving-to, and other storm-handling techniques. Familiarity with storm procedures can significantly improve your ability to respond effectively when faced with adverse weather conditions.

Conclusion: Confidently Sailing in All Weather Conditions

Boat storms are a formidable challenge for yacht owners, but with the right preparation and knowledge, you can confidently navigate through them. Understanding weather dynamics, having essential storm gear, and mastering storm-handling techniques are fundamental. After the storm passes, diligent assessment, repair, and maintenance are crucial. Long-term strategies, such as yacht upgrades and regular training, ensure that you and your yacht are well-prepared for any weather condition.

Incorporating these practices into your yachting adventures will not only enhance safety but also provide peace of mind as you explore the open waters. So, embrace the challenges, prepare diligently, and continue to enjoy the thrill of sailing, knowing you can face boat storms with confidence.

Ready to ensure your yacht’s safety and comfort, including yacht upholstery services? Contact us today for a comprehensive assessment and maintenance plan tailored to your vessel’s needs. Sail confidently into the future with a well-prepared yacht thanks to Yacht Covers .

Looking for expert advice on storm preparedness and yacht maintenance? Reach out to our team of experienced yacht professionals. Your safety and yacht’s performance are our top priorities.

• Privacy Policy
• Legal Notice

• BOAT OF THE YEAR
• Newsletters
• Sailboat Reviews
• Boating Safety
• Sailing Totem
• Charter Resources
• Destinations
• Galley Recipes
• Living Aboard
• Sails and Rigging
• Maintenance
• Best Marine Electronics & Technology

Storm Tactics for Heavy Weather Sailing

• By Bill Gladstone
• Updated: November 15, 2021

Storm tactics can be roughly defined as the ways to handle a storm once you’re in it. There are several proven choices, all of which intend to keep either the bow or stern pointing toward the waves. No one tactic will work best for all sailboats in all conditions. As skipper, it will be up to you to consider the best approach for your vessel, procure the right equipment, and practice with it before it’s needed.

Here we look at some active storm options that might work when conditions are still manageable and you want to actively control and steer the boat. Crew fatigue is a serious consideration when using active tactics.

Forereaching

Although not often mentioned as a tactic, it can be highly effective for combating brief squalls or moderate-duration storms. Here’s how to set up your boat for forereaching: Roll the jib away (especially if you have a large roller-furler genoa set); reef the main down to the second or third reef position; and sail on a closehauled course, concentrating on keeping the boat flat. It will be a comfortable ride, everyone will be relatively happy, and you will be making 2 to 3 knots on a close reach. Check your course over ground because increased leeway will cause your track to be much lower. This is a possibly useful tactic to claw off a lee shore. Note that not all boats will be at ease forereaching, so you’d better experiment with it ahead of time. Catamarans in particular will lurch and demonstrate much-increased leeway.

Motorsailing

Sometimes it’s necessary from a time or safety perspective to stow the jib and fire up the iron genny instead. Motorsailing lets you point high and make progress to windward. Motoring with no sails will not work well (or at all, in some cases), particularly in big seas, but a reefed mainsail will provide lateral stability and extra power. Trim the main, head up high enough to control your angle of heel, set the autopilot, and keep a lookout. Fuel consumption makes this a short-term option.

Here’s a tip: Make sure cooling water is pumping through the engine. On some sailboats, the water intake lifts out of the water when heeled. A further difficulty is that the pitching boat might stir sediment off the bottom of the fuel tank, which can, in turn, clog the fuel filter.

Running off and drogues

Sailing under storm jib and a deeply reefed mainsail or storm trysail provides the most control. If you don’t have storm sails, a reefed jib will give you the power to steer and control your boat in the waves. The boat must be steered actively to maintain control because no autopilot will be able to do this.

If excessive speed is a problem and steering becomes difficult, towing a drogue will slow the boat. A retrieval line should be set from the head of the drogue for when it is time to bring it back on board. If you don’t have a drogue, trailing warps might help slow the boat.

In a storm of longer duration, or when conditions become otherwise unmanageable, the situation might call for a skipper to consider passive storm tactics. When you are exhausted and you just want to quiet down the boat and maybe get some rest, there are other boathandling options available, depending on the sea state and the ­equipment you have onboard.

Heaving to can be an excellent heavy-weather tactic, though some boats fare better than others. Wouldn’t it be great if during a heavy-weather episode you could just slow everything way down? Imagine a short respite with a reduced amount of motion from the relentless pitching and pounding. A chance to regroup, make a meal, or check over the boat. Well, you can.

Heaving to allows you to “park” in open water. Hove-to trim has the jib trimmed aback (that is, to the wrong side), the reefed main eased, and the helm lashed down to leeward. The easiest way to do this is to trim the jib sheet hard and then tack the boat, leaving the sheet in place. Trimmed this way, the jib pushes the bow down. As the bow turns off the wind, the main fills and the boat moves forward. With the helm lashed down, the rudder turns the boat toward the wind. As the main goes soft, the jib once again takes over, pushing the bow down. The main refills, and the rudder pushes the bow into the wind again.

RELATED: Safety at Sea: Mental Preparations Contribute to Positive Outcomes

Achieving this balance will require some fine-­tuning, depending on the wind strength, your boat design and the sails you have. You might, for example, need to furl the jib most of the way in to match the wind strength. Trimming the main will ensure that the bow is at an angle to the waves, ideally pointing 40 to 60 degrees off. Modern fin-keeled boats do not heave to as well as more-traditional full-keel designs.

When hove to, the boat won’t actually stop. It will lie, as noted, about 40 to 60 degrees off the wind, sailing at 1 or 2 knots, and making leeway (sliding to leeward). Beware of chafe. When hove to, the jib’s clew or sheet will be up against the shroud and might experience wear damage. Monitor this regularly, and change the position of the sheet occasionally. You might not want to heave to for an extended time.

Deploying a sea anchor

A sea anchor is a small parachute deployed on a line off the bow. A sea anchor helps keep the bow pointed up into the waves so the boat won’t end up beam to the seas. Light displacement boats will pitch violently in high seas, and chafe and damage might occur to the bow, so setting up a bridle and leading it aft through a snatch block will allow the boat to lie at an angle to the waves, providing a more comfortable ride. A big concern when using a sea anchor is the load on the rudder as the waves slam the boat backward. Chafe on the sea-anchor bridle is another big factor, so the bridle must be tended regularly.

Remember, if you and your vessel are caught out in heavy-weather conditions, as a skipper, you must show leadership by setting an example, watching over your crew, offering relief and help to those who need it, and giving encouragement. Remember too, discomfort and fear can lead to fatigue, diminished performance, and poor decision-making. Don’t compromise the safety of the boat and crew to escape discomfort.

Few people get to ­experience the full fury of a storm. Advances in weather forecasting, routing and communications greatly improve your odds of avoiding heavy weather at sea, but you’re likely to experience it at some point, so think ahead of time about the tactics and tools available to keep your crew and vessel safe.

Heavy weather might not be pleasant, but it is certainly memorable, and it will make you a better sailor. Take the time to marvel at the forces of nature; realize that the boat is stronger than you think.

Happy sailing, and may all your storms be little ones!

This story is an edited excerpt from the American Sailing Association’s recently released manual, Advanced Cruising & Seamanship , by Bill Gladstone, produced in collaboration with North U. It has been edited for design purposes and style. You can find out more at asa.com.

• More: Anchoring , How To , print nov 2021 , safety at sea , seamanship
• More How To

3 Clutch Sails For Peak Performance

It’s Time to Rethink Your Ditch Kit

8 Ways to Prevent Seasickness

How To De-Winterize Your Diesel Engine

The Moorings Expands in Croatia

C-Map Updates North America Charts

New to the Fleet: Italia Yachts 12.98

St. Vincent Court Orders Deportation For Hijacking Suspects

• Digital Edition
• Customer Service
• Privacy Policy
• Terms of Use
• Email Newsletters
• Cruising World
• Florida Travel + Life
• Sailing World
• Salt Water Sportsman
• Sport Fishing
• Wakeboarding

Many products featured on this site were editorially chosen. Cruising World may receive financial compensation for products purchased through this site.

Copyright © 2024 Cruising World. A Bonnier LLC Company . All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.

Featured Yachts

Worldwide Search

Trying to Reason with Hurricane Season: Yacht Insurance and Prepping for Storms

Blame it on the weatherman: it can be a yacht owner's worst nightmare when a storm on the sea picks up speed and a name and heads straight for your boat's harbor. Yacht ownership comes with a lot of joy, freedom, and adventure, but also a hefty amount of responsibility, especially when hurricane season comes into play. As another season approaches, we sat down with yacht insurance broker Hugo Hanham-Gross of Hanham Insurance Agency to talk about the ins and outs of getting insured, including the hurricane preparedness plans that insurance carriers want to see.

Why Yacht Insurance Is Important

Insuring your yacht is a no-brainer: you want to protect your investment. Insurance may not be required as far as particular state laws go, but many marinas don't allow uninsured boats to dock, and for good reason: the sky is the limit for how much damage a boat can do to someone else's property. Most insurance policies are comprehensive and will include hull coverage for the boat itself, coverage for the personal property on board, coverage for your tender, liability coverage, and uninsured boater coverage. Uninsured boaters who cause property damage can be held liable for tens of thousands of dollars (or more), which they must pay out of their own pocket if they're in an accident. No one wants to be stuck with a bill like that. Yacht insurance is a necessary part of yacht ownership responsibility, to protect yourself and anyone or anything around your boat.

What affects rates?

Your rate depends on a variety of factors, including the value of the boat, your hurricane plan, and how many years of experience you have with boats. Now let's discuss what shopping for insurance looks like.

Getting Insured

There is a lot of information out there on the internet, but what you don't want to do when you're looking to get insured is fling a bunch of online applications out into the ether without talking to a broker first. Ideally, you should develop a relationship with a trusted insurance broker who specializes in yacht insurance (not the broker who does your homeowners policy) early in the process of buying a boat. A good broker will ask you questions and anticipate each step and what you will need, saving you precious time. For example, if you're financing a boat, your lender will have deductible requirements that your broker needs to know before writing your policy to avoid costly delays. 

It's important to be clear and honest about your intended goals with your broker: if you plan to live aboard your boat full-time, they need to know that to correctly place coverage and help you answer carrier questions. Some carriers won't insure liveaboards, and some define liveaboards differently. Your broker can help you understand what carriers need to see in your plans to avoid denied claims.

How to Be Insurable

It's a tough market out there, and many carriers will not insure new yacht owners who have never owned a boat before. But even if your experience is limited, there are things you can do to make yourself more attractive to insurance carriers. 

• Get experience. Take lessons, charter a boat, or spend time on friends' boats to build your boating resume. Insurance companies will look at you more favorably if you can demonstrate that you've made an effort to become a competent, safe boater. Chartering a boat is a great way to get a lot of experience in a concentrated amount of time. Three to four weeks can be enough to get a captain's sign-off that you know your way around a boat, but if you only have one week of experience, you're uninsurable
• Buy a newer boat. Older boats are seen as riskier and usually come with higher premiums or deductibles to reflect that. If you're financing a boat, this can cause issues with your lender's deductible requirements, so buying a boat 15 years or newer can help ensure that you have a smoother closing process.
• Create a specific hurricane plan. This should include where the boat will go in the event of a storm, how you will prep the boat itself in terms of stowing loose items, taking down sails, etc., and what your backup plan is if your primary plan falls through.
• Work with a good insurance broker who understands your goals and situation. A good broker can advocate for you with carriers and help present you as a potential boat owner in the best light possible. Remember: don't submit online applications before speaking to a broker, especially if you haven't owned a boat before. It's a bummer when a broker makes a phone call to a carrier to talk them through your experience only to find out that they already denied you through an online application and won't be able to give another quote.

Location, Location, Location

A huge factor in insurance premiums is where your boat will live most of the year, but most critically during hurricane season. Higher-risk locations mean higher insurance rates, so keeping your boat in Florida year-round is the most expensive option. North of the Georgia-Florida state line is where you start to see a reduction in rates, and the further north, the better, with North of Cape Hatteras being ideal come hurricane season. Going south of the Caribbean to the ABC islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao can also be a rate-reducing hurricane plan.

Different types of boats can be more or less expensive to insure. Motorboats tend to have the lowest rates, with sailboats coming in second, followed by catamarans. In general, monohulls are easier to insure.

Preparing for a Storm

Even if you dock full-time in the Chesapeake, hurricanes can still wreak havoc north of Cape Hatteras. Insurance carriers want to know where your boat will go in the face of a storm no matter where you cruise, and how you plan to secure your boat. You need to have a clear outline of what steps you will take when a hurricane warning goes out. For both insurance carrier requirements as well as your peace of mind, it must be a plan that can be followed, because when a hurricane is bearing down on you, everyone is scrambling to take care of their own property; no one is going to be there to help you if you're not prepared. 

Think through what you will do to prepare the boat itself. What items need to be stowed, what equipment should be secured, and what systems can be protected? Refer to your carrier guidelines to understand what preparations they particularly want to see, such as putting extra fenders out, taking sails down and stowing them, charging your battery to power the bilge pumps, and securing your boat to the dock properly. If you want your hurricane plan to be a haul-out, you need to know exactly who is towing your boat out of the water and where it is going. That means reserving a spot with a shipyard now and paying a retainer to save a spot for your boat. 

If you plan to keep your boat in a marina, insurance carriers want to know which marina. How protected is it? How secure are your dock and the cleats? Does your marina allow boats to stay during a hurricane, or do you need a backup plan? Is your neighbor's boat secured? You may want to bake in a plan for securing nearby boats that could hit yours if their owners haven't been able to take care of their hurricane prep.

The last thing you or an insurance carrier wants is for your boat to be stuck at anchor in a hurricane, so you need to have a very clear plan of how you will avoid that nightmare scenario. Even if you are a full-time cruiser, you too must have a plan for where you'll take your boat in a hurricane.

The yacht life is a good life, and one worth properly protecting. The benefits of yacht ownership go hand in hand with the responsibilities of keeping yourself, your boat, and the property around your boat safe, whether the waters are calm or a storm is brewing. Working with a knowledgeable, specialized yacht insurance broker early on in your yacht-buying search can help set you up for successful boat ownership for years to come. 

Get in touch with Hugo Hanham-Gross with any questions about boat coverage options and yacht safety from a yacht insurance broker's perspective. Email [email protected] to reach out. And from David Walters Yachts, we give Hugo a hearty thank you for sharing his time and expertise with us!

LEAVE A COMMENT

Latest posts.

Start Your Next Adventure

Send us a message.

Purchasing a bluewater vessel can be a daunting prospect, especially if it’s your first boat. When you work with a dedicated DWY broker, you benefit from our team’s 200+ combined years of maritime experience.

Sailing in a Storm: It’s Not as Difficult as You Think

Things about heavy weather boat handling you should know.

Any boater would rather avoid sailing in a storm than have to face its challenges. But despite the best-laid plans, it’s possible to get caught in unexpected heavy weather while on the water.

The most important thing to know if this happens to you is to stay calm. You may find yourself on the water with bad weather approaching faster than you can get away from it. But there are some key steps you can take to keep everyone on board safe and make it back to port.

In this blog, we will detail the signs that the weather is turning stormy, how to prepare for a bad weather encounter and the first key steps to take fast. We’ll also list some heavy-weather boat handling techniques and tips for recreational power boats and sailboats in storms.

>> Also, be sure to check out our emergency boating kit checklist

Can You Avoid Sailing in a Storm?

If a strong storm is coming into shore, even boats moored at a marina may need some protection. These 10 tips to stormproof your boat are a good starting point.

Once you are out on the water, you can continue to monitor the marine weather forecast over your VHF radio channel 21b (storm forecasts will be relayed on the coastguard channel 16 also). Remember to keep an eye on the horizon for signs of heavy weather too. 

Some signs of bad weather approaching include:

• Clouds : flat clouds getting lower and thicker, vertical clouds that are rising, or dark clouds are all warnings of bad weather.
• Temperature : watch for sudden temperature drops.
• Wind : sudden increase in the wind or significant direction change should be noted.
• Flashes on the horizon : indicate a lightning storm.

Spotting these changing weather patterns soon enough may allow you to get back to land before getting caught in it.

Be Prepared for Bad Weather on the Water

Ensure required emergency equipment is on board and easy to access should you need it, including:

• Sound signaling equipment
• Lifejackets or PFDs for all passengers
• Anchors – in addition to a regular anchor, a sea anchor may be helpful in a storm. Sea anchors are cones of canvas material that are attached to the bow and slow downwind drift.

For more information about the safety equipment that you are legally required to carry on your vessel, check Transport Canada’s Safe Boating Guide .

Before heading out on a cruise, research protected anchorages in the area in case you need to seek shelter. This list of protected anchorages in the Gulf Islands is a good starting point. 

What to do When a Storm Hits Without Warning

If you do find yourself sailing into the wind and heavy waves, take these steps right away:

• Have everyone onboard put on a lifejacket.
• Reduce your speed. This gives you more control and makes it less likely your vessel will slam into a wave.
• Turn your running lights on so you are visible to others.
• Chart and log your current position.
• Find the closest safe port on the charts. Don’t try to get back to your home port if there is another option close by. 
• Passengers should go into the cabin and sit in the centre of the boat. If you are in an open boat with no cabin, passengers are to sit on the floor in the centre of the boat, away from metal objects.
• Close all hatches, ports and windows to prevent water from getting into the boat.
• Pump the bilges. Too much water on board can unbalance the boat in big waves.
• Tie down or store any loose items, so they don’t move around and cause an injury risk.

On a sailing boat:

• Reef your mainsail to make the surface area smaller and slow your travelling speed.
• Alternatively, switch to storm sail and jig.
• Ensure everyone on deck has a harness and is attached to jack lines/lifelines.

Heavy Weather Boat Handling and Sailing Techniques

Once you have done all the immediate things required to keep your passengers safe and have a handle on your position, your main aim is to get to a safe mooring or place to shelter. 

Here are some tips for handling your vessel in rough water:

Heavy weather boat handling for the recreational motor vessel:

• Slow your speed to equal the speed of the waves, this will help prevent broaching and put less pressure on the structure of the boat.
• Point the bow of the yacht into the waves at a 45-degree angle to avoid tipping or swamping.
• Tack the boat if needed to prevent sailing parallel to waves.
• Don’t sail too close to shore unless you are approaching moorage. There is always a risk of being blown onto shoreline rocks.
• If you run out of fuel or suffer engine failure, deploy your sea anchor and regular anchor to hold a safe position without tip

Heavy weather sailing techniques for sailing boats:

• Point one end of the boat towards the waves 
• If you haven’t already, switch to storm sail and jib. These small sails help to slow the vessel significantly while still allowing directional control.
• Deploy a sea anchor from the bow to prevent the sailboat from tipping. 
• If the storm becomes too heavy to ride out or you need physical rest, consider ‘Heaving To .’ This technique positions the sails, so they work against each other and hold the boat in place. Add an anchor to prevent drift.

Remember to continue to monitor the emergency VHF channel and keep a watch out for obstacles or other boats in the water. If you are in an emergency situation, taking on water, have hit an object, or have a man overboard – make a mayday call immediately.

A Safe Port of Call at Van Isle Marina

If you need somewhere to moor your yacht when a storm is in the forecast, look no further than Van Isle Marina .  Located in Sidney BC, there is plenty nearby to keep you busy on your no-sailing days.

Drop in or contact us for more information about moorage fees and availability.

Blog Headlines

• What is a Yacht? (History, Types of Yachts, Styles and Sizes) January 15, 2024 - 10:35 am

• Essential Off-Season Haul-Out Services for Your Boat August 10, 2023 - 4:34 pm

Media and Galleries

Click HERE for more videos and photo galleries including our Historic Galleries .

Click HERE for a photo tour of our marina.

The Storm Anchoring Techniques

Proper storm anchoring techniques are essential for ensuring the safety of your boat and family during a storm while sailing the open seas.

Sailing the open seas is an exhilarating and fulfilling experience, but it also comes with its fair share of challenges. One of the most significant challenges that sailors face is dealing with storms. Proper storm tactics and preparation are essential for ensuring the safety of your boat and your family. In this article, we will discuss storm anchoring techniques, which are crucial for keeping your boat secure during a storm.

Table of Contents

Understanding storm anchoring, types of anchors, anchor rode selection, setting the anchor, scope and chafe protection, multiple anchors, storm anchor retrieval.

Storm anchoring is the process of securing your boat to the seabed using an anchor and rode (the line or chain connecting the anchor to the boat) to prevent it from drifting or being pushed ashore during a storm. The primary goal of storm anchoring is to keep your boat in a safe position, minimizing the risk of damage or injury.

When selecting an anchorage, consider the following factors:

• Protection : Choose a location that offers protection from the wind and waves. This may include natural features such as headlands, islands, or reefs, or man-made structures like breakwaters or marinas.
• Holding Ground : The seabed should provide good holding for your anchor. Sand, mud, and clay are generally considered the best holding grounds, while rock, coral, and grass are less reliable.
• Swing Room : Ensure there is enough space for your boat to swing around the anchor without colliding with other boats or obstacles.
• Depth : The water should be deep enough to accommodate your boat’s draft and allow for a sufficient scope (the ratio of rode length to water depth).

There are several types of anchors available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common types of anchors used for storm anchoring include:

CQR (Plow) Anchor : This anchor has a hinged shank and plow-shaped fluke, which allows it to dig into the seabed and provide excellent holding power. It is suitable for a variety of bottom conditions, including sand, mud, and clay.

Delta Anchor : Similar to the CQR anchor, the Delta anchor has a fixed shank and a concave fluke, which provides even better holding power in soft bottoms. It is also effective in harder bottoms, such as rock and coral.

Bruce (Claw) Anchor : This anchor has a three-pronged design that provides good holding power in most bottom conditions, although it may struggle in very soft mud. It is also less likely to foul on underwater obstacles.

Danforth (Fluke) Anchor : This lightweight anchor has a large surface area, making it ideal for soft bottoms like sand and mud. However, it may not perform as well in harder bottoms or areas with heavy grass or seaweed.

When choosing an anchor for storm anchoring, it is essential to select one that is appropriately sized for your boat. A general rule of thumb is to use an anchor that weighs 1 pound for every foot of boat length. However, this may vary depending on the specific anchor type and the conditions in which it will be used.

The anchor rode is the line or chain that connects your boat to the anchor. There are two primary types of anchor rode: chain and rope. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Chain Rode : Chain rode is heavy and durable, providing excellent abrasion resistance and helping to keep the anchor shank low to the seabed, which improves holding power. However, chain rode is more expensive and requires a windlass (a mechanical device used to raise and lower the anchor) for handling.

Rope Rode : Rope rode is lighter and more affordable than chain rode, making it easier to handle without a windlass. However, rope rode is more susceptible to chafe and abrasion, which can weaken it over time.

For storm anchoring, it is recommended to use a combination of chain and rope rode. The chain portion should be at least the length of your boat, while the rope portion should be long enough to provide the necessary scope.

Properly setting the anchor is crucial for ensuring that it holds during a storm. Follow these steps to set your anchor:

• Approach the anchorage slowly, heading into the wind or current.
• When you reach the desired location, lower the anchor to the seabed while maintaining forward momentum. This will help the anchor dig into the bottom.
• Once the anchor is on the bottom, slowly reverse your boat while paying out the rode. This will help the anchor to set and bury itself in the seabed.
• When you have reached the desired scope, secure the rode to a cleat or anchor roller on your boat.
• Gently back down on the anchor using your engine to ensure that it is set and holding. If the anchor drags, repeat the process.

The scope is the ratio of rode length to water depth and is a critical factor in ensuring that your anchor holds during a storm. A general rule of thumb is to use a scope of 7:1 for storm anchoring, meaning that for every foot of water depth, you should have 7 feet of rode deployed.

Chafe protection is essential for preventing damage to your rode during a storm. Chafe can occur when the rode rubs against the boat’s bow, anchor roller, or other obstacles. To protect your rode, use chafe guards or hose sections to cover the areas where chafe is likely to occur.

In some situations, it may be necessary to deploy multiple anchors to provide additional holding power or to prevent your boat from swinging into obstacles. There are several methods for setting multiple anchors, including:

• Bahamian Moor : This technique involves setting two anchors in a line, with one anchor set directly upwind of the other. This can help to limit the boat’s swing and provide additional holding power.
• V-Formation : This method involves setting two anchors at a 45-degree angle from the bow, creating a V-shape. This can help to prevent the boat from swinging side-to-side during a storm.
• Tandem Anchoring : This technique involves attaching a second anchor to the rode of the primary anchor, effectively creating a chain of anchors. This can provide additional holding power in extreme conditions.

After the storm has passed, it is essential to retrieve your anchor(s) carefully to avoid damage to your boat or the anchor itself. Follow these steps to retrieve your anchor:

• Approach the anchor slowly, heading into the wind or current.
• Use a windlass or manual effort to raise the anchor rode until it is vertical.
• If the anchor is stuck, try using your boat’s engine to gently pull it free. Be cautious not to put too much strain on the rode or anchor.
• Once the anchor is free, raise it to the surface and secure it to your boat.

Storm anchoring is a critical skill for sailors who want to ensure the safety of their boat and family during a storm. By selecting the appropriate anchor and rode, setting the anchor correctly, and using proper scope and chafe protection, you can significantly increase the chances of your boat remaining secure during a storm. Additionally, understanding how to deploy multiple anchors and retrieve them safely after the storm has passed is essential for successful storm anchoring.

• Sailing Heavy Weather: Yacht vs. Catamaran - Choosing the Right Vessel for Rough Seas

When it comes to sailing, one of the most exhilarating experiences is navigating through heavy weather. The clash of wind and waves, the challenge of maintaining control, and the thrill of conquering the elements make it an adventure like no other. However, choosing the right vessel can significantly impact your safety and comfort during such conditions. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the differences between yachts and catamarans when it comes to sailing in heavy weather. Whether you're a seasoned sailor or a novice, understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each vessel will help you make an informed decision.

Yacht vs. Catamaran: The Basics

Yachts are known for their elegance and traditional design. They are single-hulled vessels with a deep keel that provides stability in calm waters. However, when it comes to heavy weather, yachts have some limitations:

• Less Stability : Yachts have a narrower beam, which makes them less stable in rough seas.
• Heeling : Yachts tend to heel or lean to one side in strong winds, making them more challenging to control.
• Slower Speed : Yachts are generally slower than catamarans, which can be a disadvantage when trying to outrun a storm.

Catamarans, on the other hand, have gained popularity for their unique design and superior performance in various conditions. Key advantages of catamarans in heavy weather include:

• Stability : Catamarans have a wider beam, which provides excellent stability, reducing the risk of capsizing.
• Reduced Heeling : Catamarans remain level even in strong winds, offering a more comfortable sailing experience.
• Speed : Catamarans are faster due to their twin-hull design, allowing you to navigate heavy weather more efficiently.

Sailing a Catamaran in Heavy Weather

If you've chosen a catamaran for your heavy-weather adventures, it's essential to understand some essential tips and techniques:

1. Reef Early

When you see dark clouds or feel the wind picking up, reef your sails early. Reduce the sail area to maintain control and prevent capsizing.

2. Keep a Close Eye on the Weather

Stay updated with weather forecasts. Modern technology and apps make it easier than ever to monitor changing conditions while at sea.

3. Maintain Speed

Catamarans thrive on speed. Keep moving forward to maintain control. Avoid pointing directly into the wind, as this can lead to a capsize.

4. Balance the Load

Distribute weight evenly to ensure the catamaran remains balanced. This is crucial for stability during heavy weather.

5. Practice Seamanship

Learn and practice seamanship skills, including handling waves, steering techniques, and emergency procedures.

Catamaran for Sale: Finding the Right One

If you're considering purchasing a catamaran for heavy-weather sailing, you'll find various options on the market. Here are some tips for finding the perfect vessel:

1. Budget-Friendly Options

Explore catamarans for sale in the Caribbean if you're looking for affordable options. The region offers a wide range of choices at competitive prices.

2. Performance Matters

Consider a performance catamaran for sale if you plan to sail in challenging conditions frequently. These vessels are designed for superior speed and stability.

3. Size Matters

Choose a catamaran size that suits your needs. Smaller models are more manageable for solo sailors, while larger ones offer more space for crew and equipment.

Heavy Weather Sailing: Yachts vs. Catamarans

Now that we've covered the basics let's delve deeper into the comparison between yachts and catamarans in heavy weather sailing.

Yachts in Heavy Weather

1. hull design.

Yachts typically have a monohull design with a single, deep keel. While this design provides stability in calm waters, it can be a disadvantage in heavy weather. Yachts are prone to heeling, where they lean to one side in strong winds. This heeling can be uncomfortable for passengers and challenging for the crew to manage.

2. Capsizing Risk

Due to their single-hull design, yachts have a higher risk of capsizing in heavy weather. When hit by a strong gust of wind, a heeling yacht can reach a critical angle of heel, leading to a potential capsize. This risk necessitates vigilant seamanship and early reefing of sails when sailing a yacht in heavy conditions.

3. Speed and Maneuverability

Yachts are generally slower than catamarans, which can be a disadvantage when trying to outrun or navigate through a storm. Their deeper keel design may limit their ability to sail in shallower waters, reducing their maneuverability.

Read   our  top  notch   articles  on  topics  such as  sailing ,  sailing   tips  and  destinations  in  our   Magazine .  

Catamarans in Heavy Weather

1. stability.

Catamarans are known for their stability in heavy weather. Their twin-hull design provides a wider beam, making them less prone to heeling. This stability offers a more comfortable and secure experience for passengers.

2. Reduced Heeling

Unlike yachts, catamarans remain level even in strong winds. This reduced heeling minimizes the risk of items falling and passengers feeling seasick. It also makes it easier for the crew to maintain control of the vessel.

3. Speed and Efficiency

Catamarans excel in heavy weather due to their speed and efficiency. Their twin-hull design allows them to slice through rough seas with less resistance. This speed can be crucial when trying to outrun or navigate through storms, improving safety and comfort.

Sailing a Catamaran in Heavy Weather: Advanced Techniques

As you gain experience in heavy weather sailing with a catamaran, you can explore advanced techniques to enhance your skills and safety:

6. Use Storm Sails

Invest in storm sails specifically designed for heavy weather conditions. These smaller, more robust sails are easier to control and maintain stability.

7. Master Reefing

Perfect the art of reefing your sails quickly and efficiently. Proper reefing is crucial for maintaining control and preventing over-pressuring the rigging.

8. Learn Heavy Weather Navigation

Study advanced navigation techniques for heavy weather conditions. This includes understanding wave patterns, currents, and strategies for avoiding dangerous areas.

9. Emergency Procedures

Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures such as man overboard drills, deploying sea anchors, and abandoning ship protocols. Being prepared for the worst-case scenario is essential for safe heavy weather sailing.

Catamaran for Sale: What to Look For

When searching for the ideal catamaran for heavy weather adventures, consider these additional factors:

4. Seaworthiness

Ensure the catamaran you choose is designed for seaworthiness. Look for features such as reinforced hulls, robust rigging, and watertight compartments for added safety.

5. Accommodation

Consider the number of cabins and the layout of the catamaran. Adequate accommodation is essential for comfort during extended heavy weather voyages.

6. Equipment and Safety Features

Check for essential equipment such as life rafts, EPIRBs (Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons), and other safety features. These can be lifesavers in case of emergencies.

Sailing in heavy weather can be both a challenge and an adventure. Your choice between a yacht and a catamaran significantly impacts your experience. While yachts offer elegance and tradition, catamarans provide stability and speed, making them a popular choice for adventurous sailors. Remember to practice safe seamanship, stay informed about weather conditions, and continually improve your skills to ensure a successful voyage.

So  what  are  you   waiting   for ?  Take  a  look   at   our   range   of  charter  boats  and  head  to  some   of   our  favourite     sailing   destinations .  

Southern Maine coast prepares for Hurricane Lee: 'Expecting the worst, hoping for best'

YORK COUNTY, Maine — Coastal communities in southern Maine are preparing and bracing for the expected effects of Hurricane Lee this weekend .

Ogunquit Harbormaster Erin Gatt was at Perkins Cove on Thursday, working with others to slip storm lines through the sterns and bows of boats floating in the water.

According to Gatt, such a “spider web of ropes” is needed in a “tiny, tight” harbor like Perkins Cove because boats do not attach to single moors with enough room to slosh about if the water turns rough.

“The ropes take a lot of the pressure,” Gatt said.

Connecting boats with storm lines is a standard practice in the wintertime and is mandatory whenever winds climb to roughly more than 35 mph at any time, Gatt said. But he added that he and boat owners do not usually find themselves with such a task in September, however.

“It’s rare for this time of year,” he said. “We’re expecting the worst and hoping for the best.”

Lee, classified as a Category 2 storm on Thursday, is expected to weaken enough to arrive as a tropical storm once it hits land on Friday going into Saturday, according to the National Weather Service in Gray .

Tropical storm-force winds, coastal flooding, and high surf are among the potential impacts Lee could have on the region.

Previous story: Boaters advised to haul their vessels out of the water

Hurricane Lee's latest forecast and what Mainers should expect

The National Weather Service is forecasting Kennebunk and surrounding communities are seeing a 50% chance of showers late Friday night, with winds potentially between 10 and 20 mph, and gusts as strong as 35 mph.

On Saturday, more showers and winds between 30 and 45 mph are predicted, according to the weather service. Wet and windy is the forecast for the evening, too.

Lee is expected to leave the scene overnight. The weather service is predicting that residents can look forward to sunshine and temps in the 70s on Sunday.

In Kennebunkport , the town announced that the Public Works Department would be placing large rocks at the foot-path entrances at Goose Rocks Beach to help mitigate the potential storm damage and clean-up.

“This will be a temporary measure and will be moved as soon as appropriate,” the town said.

The town temporarily opened its newly acquired public boat launch on Langsford Road to allow people to take their boats out of the water, ahead of the storm and without the need for a reservation.

The town will reinstate its online reservation service at KPortBoat.com after the storm passes.

On its website, the town of Kennebunk alerted residents that public service employees are in the process of removing portable trash cans and toilets, benches, stairs, ramps and more from all beaches.

Similarly, the town of Wells issued an early advisory on its website, informing residents that efforts were underway to secure such coastline items as trash, receptacles, portable restrooms, and lifeguard stations. The town also is placing barricades throughout the community, in case road closures become necessary.

Lee is expected to arrive less than a year since the last time the weather truly battered the region and created flooding and damages. A storm swept the area on Dec. 23, 2022, flooding and damaging the region from the seawall at St. Ann’s Episcopal Church on Ocean Avenue in Kennebunkport to Perkins Cove , with its shops and restaurants, in Ogunquit. In Wells, a police officer needed to assist a woman who was on the Mile Road while it was underwater.

Hurricane Lee path tracker: New Hampshire could see tropical storm-force winds

Should you expect power outages in Maine?

On Wednesday, Gov. Janet Mills and the Maine Emergency Management Agency urged people to prepare for the storm in advance. MEMA has been monitoring Lee’s path and progress and has been coordinating with local, state and federal officials, as well as Maine’s utility companies.

Central Maine Power (CMP) this week raised concerns about the health of trees following this summer’s frequent and heavy rainfall. Such consistent wet weather has increased soil saturation, flooding, and nutrient runoff that has led to weakened or rotted roots, according to Mills and MEMA.

CMP said that Maine could see worsened impacts to the power grid because of trees falling or losing limbs.

“We urge Maine people to exercise caution and to take common-sense steps to ensure they have all they need to stay safe as the storm draws closer moving into the weekend,” Mills said.

Lee is poised to hit Maine smack dab in the center of the Atlantic Ocean’s typical hurricane season, which runs from June 1 through Nov. 30.

In Maine, hurricanes don't happen often

Maine does not get many hurricanes, according to MEMA, but they do happen here in Vacationland and can be impactful when they strike. History records Hurricanes Carol and Edna in 1954, Hurricane Donna in 1960, Hurricane Gloria in 1985, and Hurricane Bob in 1991 as storms of consequence in the state.

Warm ocean waters, moisture in the atmosphere, and light winds aloft are the recipe for tropical storm events, according to MEMA. An average, 10 tropical storms develop over the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico each year.

In her press release, Mills encouraged Mainers to get familiar with the Hurricane Evacuation Dashboard on MEMA’s homepage. For timely information about safety and preparedness, find MEMA on Facebook or Twitter or visit www.Maine.gov/MEMA.

Complete Guide to Storm Sails

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

June 15, 2022

Storm sails are popular safety measures that help you retain control of your boat in high winds. They also reduce the risk of knockdown.

In this article, we'll cover the most common types of storm sails and their uses. Additionally, we'll go over storm sail materials, cost, sizing, and tips from the sailing community. You'll also learn when (and how) to deploy storm sails at sea.

Storm sails are durable and compact sails designed for use in rough weather. They're smaller than regular mainsails and headsails. The most common kinds of storm sails are the trysail and the storm jib. Storm sails can be deployed alone or in pairs.

The information contained in this article was sourced from expert sailors and storm sail manufacturers. Additionally, we sourced technical specifications from reviewers and users of storm sails.

Table of contents

What are Storm Sails?

Storm sails are small and durable headsails and mainsails designed for use in rough weather. They are a fraction of the size of typical mainsails and headsails, and they attach to the vessel using a multi-point tie system.

Storm sails are almost always triangular regardless of what kind of vessel they're deployed on, which includes storm sails designed for gaff-rigged sailboats. This is because a three-pointed sail is durable and easy to deploy at the base of the mast. Three connection points are easier to deal with than four, and storm sails don't require the use of top spars.

Storm sails are typically bright orange in color to distinguish them from other canvas aboard the vessel. Additionally, high visibility material makes it easier to see the boat in dangerous conditions. This is especially useful in emergencies, and it helps avoid collisions with other vessels.

Storm sails are stronger than the rest of the sails aboard most vessels. They are designed to stand up against gale-force winds and heavy ocean spray. Most storm sails can be deployed rapidly without completely removing the mainsail or headsail.

How do Storm Sails Work?

The concept and function of a storm sail is simple. A storm sail is essentially just a reefed version of your headsail or mainsail. Storm sails provide propulsion in high winds, which is essential if you want to keep control of the boat.

Storm sails are useful because they are smaller than the smallest configuration of your typical sail setup. In other words, they give you a smaller sail plan than you could have achieved by reefing. During dangerous storm conditions, this could be the difference between a controllable boat and a knockdown.

Types of Storm Sails

Most vessels that carry storm sails have one for the forward sail plan and one for the after sail plan. This typically includes a trysail for replacing the mainsail and a storm jib for replacing the headsail. In some cases, vessels opt to carry only a single storm sail as an easy precautionary measure.

Vessels that only carry a single storm sail generally opt for a storm jib, as it can be easier and safer to rely on a headsail during foul weather conditions. Additionally, it frees up the mainsail for precise adjustments, as it's easier to reef and trim from the cockpit. The downside of carrying only a storm jib is that it requires someone to trek to the bow of the boat during hazardous conditions.

In addition to trysails and storm jibs, there are many sub-varieties of storm sails available today. Next, we'll cover a few of the most popular storm sail types and their intended uses.

Basic Storm Sails for Emergencies

Basic no-frills storm sails are available for typical cruising boats to use in emergencies. These simple, often brightly colored Dacron sails are easy to rig and compact for long-term storage. They are triangular and often flat, which makes them ideal for quick deployment.

They are the most affordable type of storm sail and often considered 'universal fit' for boats within a certain size range. In other words, you probably won't have to custom-order a basic storm sail setup for your production fiberglass cruising sloop.

Basic storm sails often come in a convenient and weatherproof storage box that's clearly marked for stowing with your other emergency gear. These are not the most efficient or durable storm sails available, but they're strong enough to improve your chances in a dangerous situation.

Racing Storm Sails

Storm sails have found a unique niche amongst some offshore racing sailors. Vessels that participate in offshore regattas in foul weather often rely on them to achieve high speeds. This is especially true in conditions that are too hazardous to deploy a standard sail plan.

There are not a whole lot of purpose-built storm sails for racing. However, many sailors who participated in ocean races choose higher-quality and more controllable storm sails. That said, ocean racers often choose storm sails with unique shapes and characteristics.

Racing storm sails are usually slightly larger than basic emergency storm sails. They often have a deeper reef and longer leech, which increases the size of the canvas and brings it closer to the deck. Additionally, these characteristics make the small sail more efficient and allow the vessel to reach higher speeds while retaining precise control.

Racing storm sails are often reinforced in key areas, which is done at the factory or after the fact by the owner. This is because they're more likely to be deployed more than once and left on extended periods. Sometimes, Racers opt to delete unreliable quick-rig features that are found on standard storm sails.

Custom Storm Sails

There are many reasons why a sailor might choose to have a custom storm sail produced. As far as cost is concerned, it's comparable to a typical custom sailmaking job. Custom storm sails can be made with unique dimensions to optimize their efficiency on a specific hull design.

Custom storm sails are sometimes produced with higher-quality materials than consumer models, which gives sailors additional peace of mind. In many cases, the unique design of some sailboats requires purpose-built storm sails.

Most sailmakers will produce storm sails upon request. However, you may have to provide additional specifications ahead of time. They can also reinforce consumer storm sails using high-quality material or make adjustments to provide a better fit for your boat.

What are Storm Sails Made Of?

Storm sails need to be strong and weather-resistant. Additionally, they need to survive long periods of storage in less-than-ideal conditions, such as in the bilge or under a deck hatch.

Modern sale materials such as Kevlar and laminates are strong, but they don't always perform well in long-term storage. As a result, storm sails are typically made with a thick sheet of good old Dacron.

Dacron is a popular type of polyester sail fabric that's found in all kinds of sailboats. The primary difference between a Dacron storm sails and run-of-the-mill sail fabric is color and thickness.

When to Use a Storm Sail

What sort of conditions warrant the use of a storm sail? This varies between boats, and also between captains and crews. But generally speaking, storm sails can be deployed in high-wind conditions when typical reefing and adjustments aren't enough.

The precise wind speed that causes you to deploy storm sail is impossible to predict without knowing your specific vessel's handling characteristics. However, storm sails are sometimes found in winds exceeding 30 or 40 knots.

If a knockdown is imminent, the best course of action is most likely maneuvering. It will be very difficult to rig a storm sail when the vessel is at extreme risk of being blown over. It's best to rig a storm sail when the boat is still under control, either by you or someone else.

How to Rig a Trysail

Storm sails rig up similarly to your regular sails. Precise installation instructions vary between boats and sail models, but you can expect to install them roughly the same way.

The luff and tack of the main storm sail (trysail) typically rig up using sheets to the spinnaker blocks on the mast. The storm sail sheet runs to a block on the deck and then to a winch, similarly to how a jib sheet would run.

How to Rig a Storm Jib

The storm headsail, or storm jib, rig up using an inner forestay or halyard. The storm jib is hanked on, and the jib sheet runs to block and winch on the deck. The storm sheet typically follows the same route as a regular job sheet.

Are Storm Sails Required?

Some sailors believe that the Coast Guard requires storm sails aboard all sailboats. This is not the case, as the USCG doesn't list storm sails on its roster of mandatory safety gear . The majority of sailboats don't (and probably won't ever) have a storm sail aboard.

While storm sails are not a legal requirement aboard sailboats, there are situations where sailors must carry them. Ocean races are an example of one such situation, as many offshore regattas mandate them. This is especially true in Northern latitudes, where rough weather and gale-force winds are commonplace. Most of these organizations don't require sailors to use them; they just require sailors to have them.

How Much do Storm Sails Cost?

Storm sails are typically affordable, at least compared to other emergency gear, such as automatically inflating lifeboats. Storm sail prices vary based on material quality, thickness, and size. Below, we'll cover the price and specifications of a typical storm sail as an example.

Our example model from National Sail and costs $640 . It's a conventional hank-on storm jib, which is the most common type. It has a luff of 28 inches, a leech of 22.5 inches, and a foot of 11.9 inches. It has an overall weight of 9 pounds. Based on its size, this model is designed for a boat around 40 to 50 feet in length.

As you can see, storm sails are relatively affordable, even for large boats. The prices you can expect to pay for a typical 30-foot cruising vessel are between $200 and $350, depending on the quality and thickness of the cloth.

Storm Sail Sizes

It's essential to find the right size storm sail for your boat. Storm sails vary in both dimensions and fabric weight (or material thickness). Most storm sail manufacturers produce trysails and storm jibs for vessels between 20 and 60 feet in length.

Are Storm Sails Necessary for Offshore Cruising?

The debate about the necessity of storm sails has been raging for years. The jury is still out whether sailors should keep one aboard. Some people swear by them, and others dismiss them as a needless complication when reefing and handling would suffice.

It comes down to your personal experience and judgment. Storm sails work, and there are many instances where they've been deployed and likely helped save vessels from knockdown or foundering.

That said, sailors rightfully note that they can be very difficult (and even dangerous) to deploy during storm conditions when captain and crew effort would be more useful trying to handle the vessel.

Storm Sail Use and Preparation

It's essential to practice with storm sails in windy conditions before relying on them in truly dangerous situations. Go out on a windy day and practice deploying and controlling your storm sails. Put a plan in place to get them up quickly and safely.

Make sure to wear a life jacket and harness when deploying storm sails or moving around the boat in rough weather. Ensure that you have a place to attach your harness along the way, especially in areas that you need to stand to rig your storm sails.

Also, make sure to find harness attachment points on both sides of the mast, as you never know what side the boat will be heeling when you need to deploy your storm sails. Once you're confident that you can deploy and control your storm sails quickly and safely, you'll be ready to rely on them as an additional safety measure in rough weather.

Should I Buy Storm Sails?

So, should you buy a set of storm sails? Again, the answer depends on your location, sailing conditions, and personal experience. If you live in an area where rough weather is common or if you intend to embark on an offshore race, it's worth considering a set of storm sails. For the price, storm sails are a cheap insurance policy for hazardous weather.

Related Articles

I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

by this author

Most Recent

What Does "Sailing By The Lee" Mean?

October 3, 2023

The Best Sailing Schools And Programs: Reviews & Ratings

September 26, 2023

Important Legal Info

Lifeofsailing.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies.

Similar Posts

How To Choose The Right Sailing Instructor

August 16, 2023

Cost To Sail Around The World

May 16, 2023

Small Sailboat Sizes: A Complete Guide

October 30, 2022

Popular Posts

Best Liveaboard Catamaran Sailboats

December 28, 2023

Can a Novice Sail Around the World?

Elizabeth O'Malley

4 Best Electric Outboard Motors

How Long Did It Take The Vikings To Sail To England?

10 Best Sailboat Brands (And Why)

December 20, 2023

7 Best Places To Liveaboard A Sailboat

Get the best sailing content.

Top Rated Posts

Lifeofsailing.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. (866) 342-SAIL

© 2024 Life of Sailing Email: [email protected] Address: 11816 Inwood Rd #3024 Dallas, TX 75244 Disclaimer Privacy Policy

Cities on both coasts struggled to remain above water this winter as sea levels rise

With every inch of sea level rise, communities along coasts and rivers near the sea face higher risks. that was abundantly clear this winter..

Within the span of about six weeks this winter, a trio of fishing shacks were swept away in Maine , a piece of the backyard vanished from an oceanfront home Kid Rock owns in Florida and high tides in California sent beachgoers running for their lives. 

With every inch of sea level rise, communities along coasts and rivers near the sea face greater risks and events like the king tides and severe storms this winter further illustrated the growing threat.

“The start of this year has been absolutely incredible," said John Dickson, president and CEO of Aon Edge, a private flood insurance provider. “The weather is changing rapidly and the consequences are dramatic.”

High-tide flooding in the U.S. occurs nearly three times as often today as it did in 2000, according to William Sweet, an oceanographer with the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service. For the meteorological year that ends in April, NOAA had forecast a 9-14 day increase in high-tide flood days along the Atlantic Coast compared to 2000, thanks to a combination of the El Niño pattern in the Pacific Ocean and sea level rise.

Over just six days in January, between the 8th and 13th — during the new moon high tides, known as king tides, and winter storms — the National Weather Service reported coastal flooding in 57 counties across 17 states on the Atlantic Seaboard and Gulf of Mexico. 

• High tide records were set in Bar Harbor and Portland, Maine.
• Erosion on one section of coastal Rhode Island was the worst since Superstorm Sandy .
• A high tide rushed up Maine’s Kennebunk River , flooding properties on either side. 

Rising sea levels, warmer water temperatures and more intense rainfall compound the effects of natural weather events such as high tides and the El Niño, leaving communities struggling for answers. As erosion and tidal inundation accelerate and reach further inland, the flooding events highlight the need for better decisions, better mapping and a focus on improving disaster preparedness and catastrophe models, Dickson said.

Local, state and federal governments are trying a variety of approaches to work together to address the massive challenges ahead, including devoting millions to protect and restore coastal wetlands that could help buffer future impacts.

Federal officials collaborated with partners on the recent release of two major coastal mapping projects. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration published high resolution mapping to help communities map emerging threats and the U.S. Geological Survey partnered with Virginia Tech on a project looking at the rates of land subsidence . 

Over 30 years, the 20-year average number of high tide flood days for the meteorological year between May and April has increased at all but three locations on the U.S. mainland with reliable measurements dating back to the 1970s, according to NOAA data. The three are on the California coast, Port San Luis, San Francisco and Alameda.

That number is six times higher in Charleston, South Carolina and twice as high in Portland, Maine.

While sea levels aren't rising as fast on the Pacific Coast, Sweet said higher ocean levels during El Niño exacerbate things and can bring "a decade's worth of sea level rise in a season."

Maine town used to flooding — 'but not like this'

In Kennebunkport, more than a foot of water flowed into the downtown village during one flood event this winter, a trend occurring more frequently with routine astronomical high tides, Town Manager Laurie Smith told USA TODAY.

The town was founded in 1653, more than a century before the Industrial Revolution, when the world began pumping more of the greenhouse gasses into the air that started warming the planet. Today, more than 300 years later, leaders in the region are discussing potential solutions to the problems created by a warmer world. 

They’ve seen flooding before, “but not like this,” said Laura Dolce, executive director of the Kennebunk-Kennebunkport Chamber of Commerce. This time rushing water found its way into some new areas that were “quite surprising.”

The ocean has always been the community’s economic “bread and butter,” and people have visited for that reason for hundreds of years, Dolce said. Now that same sea “threatens the very livelihoods of those businesses.”

Big waves off California signal an uncertain future

In Ventura, C alifornia, storm-driven waves fueled in part by warmer waters offshore flooded streets and sent bystanders running for safety in late December.

Extreme storms and large swells associated with El Niño this winter show what future sea level rise will look like, said Paul Jenkin, the Ventura campaign coordinator for the Surfrider Foundation, an organization dedicated to protecting and preserving the ocean’s waves and beaches. 

“That’s my concern, as somebody who’s watched this for decades, to start seeing these kinds of impacts, knowing what is to come,” Jenkin said.

Although there has been discussion in Ventura about a managed retreat from the shoreline — to move infrastructure away and restore the natural shoreline — private property owners along the coast don’t want to retreat, Jenkin said. “That has become a bad word. At the end of the day, it’s going to be the only economically feasible way to manage sea level rise.” 

“To think these are one time events that aren’t going to recur is just foolhardy,” he said. “Our concern is that we’re going to lose our recreational beaches. It will just be seawalls and other coastal structures with no sandy beach left.” 

Flood days keep inundating South Carolina's 'low country'

Charleston, South Carolina and the surrounding region is known as “the low country” for a reason. Much of the area sits near sea level, and it's dominated by three rivers and boundless coastal marshes. Occasional flooding has been a problem since it was founded in 1670, but today coastal flooding occurs more often. 

Cruise passengers returned to port on December 15 shocked to find their cars flooded . During a historic high tide on December 17, the city’s fire department rescued or assisted more than 40 people in flood waters. Coastal flooding was reported at least 10 times since Jan. 1. 

Between 1950 and 2014, flood events in the city grew from a couple of days a year to 25 days a year. By 2050, NOAA projects the city could see 60 flood days or more each year.

Tide gauges show the city has experienced 13” of sea level rise over a century, about half that in the last 20 years, according to NOAA. The city is projected to see another 14-18 inches of sea level rise by 2050. 

Dozens of projects are ongoing or underway aiming to protect the city and its historic homes and businesses.

“The water is rising, the clock is ticking, and the future of our city is in the balance,” stated former Mayor John Tecklenburg, in the latest version of the city’s flooding and sea level rise strategy.

Charleston also is one of the cities highlighted in the USGS study looking at how fast some coastal areas are sinking, even as the ocean is rising. 

The study, focused on the East Coast, found the land is susceptible to sinking at a rate ranging from 1 to 2 millimeters a year, affecting up to 14 million people and more than half the crucial infrastructure in major cities along the coast. 

Mapping the risk of coastal flooding

To help cities like Kennebunkport, Charleston and Ventura, NOAA recently released new high-resolution land cover data for coastal communities, to improve long-range planning and climate resilience projects, funded in part by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law.

The maps cover 1.5 million square miles of coast, and each pixel of imagery represents a square meter, NOAA said, revealing data 900 times more detailed than previous mapping. 

“We need to be able to classify how communities are changing,” said Brandon Palin, senior director for public sector science at Ecopia Tech , a mapping company that partnered with NOAA, using AI-powered technology to develop the new maps.

The maps can help communities more accurately assess flood risk and water movement across the landscape, Palin and colleague Harneet Singh, Ecopia’s director of growth and corporate marketing, told USA TODAY. 

Communities can’t rely on 30-year-old data, especially when it comes to choosing where to build new infrastructure, said Palin and Singh. As one example, they pointed to how the impacts of tidal surge can change in a community where natural landscapes that once absorbed the water’s impact are now covered by buildings and pavement. 

Computer models that predict future change in a community are great, but if the data you’re putting into the model is old or not necessarily accurate, then the model itself can be useless to a certain point, Palin said. The higher resolution maps can help each coastal community see its individual challenges. 

'Something has to change'

Along the Kennebunk River in Maine, community officials are looking at improved mapping and have discussed options such as tide gates, a dike to hold back water or raising buildings and infrastructure, said Smith, the Kennebunkport town manager. 

The potential costs for such measures seem overwhelming, but “something has to change,” said the chamber’s Dolce. “There are so many discussions right now in the state and community about what coastal resiliency will look like and what kind of initiatives we can take.” 

“We either have to make those changes, and it’s going to be really expensive, or you’re going to have to let the sea take everything,” she said. “And I don’t think – since this is the economic driver for the town – that that’s a possibility. I think we have to come up with a solution.”

•   Weather

Search location by ZIP code

Storms cause damage at hickory creek marina.

• Copy Link Copy {copyShortcut} to copy Link copied!

GET LOCAL BREAKING NEWS ALERTS

The latest breaking updates, delivered straight to your email inbox.

Thursday's storms damaged docks and boats at Hickory Creek Marina on Beaver Lake,

The storm sent several boats out of the dock, flipping some over.

One woman was in a small camper when the storms hit. The strong winds tipped it over.

"So I went to open the door to get to my truck, and it just pushed me back like I couldn't even get out the door to get to my truck," Shelly Curtis said. "It was so bad. So and then also and hears this creaking and my whole camper and the camper came up."

Several people came out to the dock after the storms passed to check on the damage.

There weren't reports of injuries at the dock.

Yachting Monthly

• Digital edition

Storm tactics at anchor: Surviving gales in Scilly

• December 15, 2021

Ken Endean shelters from Storm Evert on the Isles of Scilly and reflects on storm tactics at anchor and on moorings

Storm Evert was approaching, with wind filling in from SSE - coming around the south of Bryher. Credit: Ken Endean

The Isles of Scilly are lovely but have no harbours or anchorages with all-round shelter, so visiting yachts must be prepared to move around according to wind direction.

Ken Endean is an inshore pilotage enthusiast who has made a close study of coastal sea conditions around the British Isles

If a gale is forecast, some pilotage guidance even recommends retreating to the mainland.

Most yacht crews ignore that advice because, after working to reach Scilly against the prevailing winds, they are reluctant to surrender their westing.

That leaves the option of finding somewhere safe to hide. And thinking about storm tactics at anchor and on moorings.

When Storm Evert hit the islands in peak holiday season in July 2021, large numbers of yachts were in the islands.

Numerous boats dragged anchors , broke free of moorings or went aground , though many more weathered the storm unscathed.

A rescue on the night of Storm Evert. Credit: Maritime and Coastguard Agency

Piecing together the events of the night, and the possible causes of the events that unfolded, make it a fascinating case study of anchoring and mooring tactics that might help other yachts weather other storms moored and anchored.

Information has been provided by Pete Hicks, Amy Caldwell and Dickon Berriman at the RNLI, Stuart Caldwell of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency, St Mary’s harbour master, Dale Clark, and marine manager for Tresco Rob Featherstone.

I’d like to extend thanks to all for their input.

When strong winds threaten, the first task is to study available forecasts and assess the likely track and timing of the associated weather feature, which will often be a depression approaching from the Atlantic .

Credit: Maxine Heath

If it is likely to pass to the south, or directly overhead, it could generate an east or south-east wind which then fades and backs to become a strong northerly, but which may allow boats to shift anchorage in the lull.

The timing can be important because shifting anchorage in a lull may be impossible at low tide, when many channels will be shallow or dry.

A depression tracking close to the north will generally be more serious, with winds typically rising from the S or SE before strengthening and veering round towards NW, often with a violent veer as the cold front passes.

Decisions and drama

Storm Evert hit Scilly on Thursday 29 July 2021. Until the day before, there had been a complex area of low pressure to the west and a Met Office forecast of unsettled conditions but nothing exceptional.

On the Wednesday, the 0500 Navtex bulletin predicted a maximum of Force 6 but in the 1100 bulletin, transmitted at 1420 BST, that had changed to: ‘cyclonic 6 to 8, possibly 9 for a time’, which prompted urgent activity among the many visiting boats.

The 0500 bulletin on Thursday was even more alarming, with: ‘west or south-west 3 to 5 becoming cyclonic 7 to 9, possible 10 later in far west’.

Mary and I had anchored our twin-keeled Sabre 27, London Apprentice , in the drying channel outside Bryher’s Green Bay.

As the new depression seemed likely to pass north of the islands, we expected winds to swing through the typical SE-S-NW arc but we knew the limits of that arc would be important, as we had previously experienced two comparable gales at Scilly.

Green Bay after the gale, a good anchorage for boats that can take the ground. Credit: Ken Endean

If we anchored at Old Grimsby, close under the old blockhouse as we had in 2003, we would be protected from SE but become exposed to winds and swell if the veer went right around to NW.

In Green Bay, on the other hand, we would be exposed to wind but better protected from the NW, and in 2010 the veer towards NW had been particularly vicious.

In the end we plumped for Green Bay and moved closer inshore. During Thursday, the wind backed to SSE and stiffened before starting a very gradual veer.

At 1900 the Seven Stones Light Vessel recorded South Force 7 (steady wind speed rather than gusts).

We were exposed to increasingly vigorous wave action and at 2000 the wind reached SSW 8. A cold front was then followed by ferocious gusts and a further veer to SW.

Continues below…

Isles of Scilly in an east wind: a pilotage guide

East winds give Ken Endean a chance to explore unfrequented parts of one of Britain’s prettiest archipelagos - the Isles…

Different types of anchor – pros and cons

When it comes to choosing between different types of anchor, there's a variety of factors to consider. Vyv Cox explains…

Is your anchor chain up the job?

It’s all well and good having a solid anchor, but having ground tackle that is going to keep you secure…

Heavy weather sailing: preparing for extreme conditions

Alastair Buchan and other expert ocean cruisers explain how best to prepare when you’ve been ‘caught out’ and end up…

That put us in the lee of Bryher and the larger waves subsided but there were breaking crests all around us in the darkness, although we were only 80m off the beach.

At 2200 the Seven Stones recorded wind at the top end of Force 9. At 0125 we touched down as the tide fell, and retreated to our bunks.

At 0400 the wind at Seven Stones was NW8 but we were comfortably aground. By late breakfast time it was all over.

The breeze was down to WNW3, the sun was out and the pressure, which had dropped from 1013 to 999mb, was back up to 1010mb.

The scene in Green Bay

There were 16 yachts in Green Bay, all taking the ground with a mixture of twin keels , triple keel s, lifting keels, beaching legs and twin rudders, and all at anchor.

The flat foreshore had a layer of sand over dense shingle and pebbles.

Some skippers tried to dig-in their anchors during the morning low tide on the Thursday, but it was difficult because the substrate behaved as running gravel, and most of the anchors would penetrate further by themselves, when under load.

Modern single-fluke anchors such as Deltas, Rocnas, Mansons and Spades all performed well in the strongest wind, burying until their shanks were almost hidden.

In the outer part of the anchorage, at least one boat dragged slightly but we had noticed her sheering wildly; her motor was running slow ahead and also the tide out there was flowing to windward, both influences possibly causing the anchor chain to slacken in the lulls, so that the bow swung off in the gusts.

No boat suffered damage.

Storm tactics at anchor: An anchor hum used on a warp helps add weight to reduce snatching and shock loads. Credit: Ken Endean

Four yachts had anchored well up the beach, near to the HW mark, so were solidly aground for much of the gale, and three other boats were further north, in a snug corner behind the commercial jetty.

A large Moody had remained at anchor in the drying channel, outside the bay, but had not dragged.

I had unintentionally carried out an experiment: the depth at HW would be 3.5m and we initially laid one Delta anchor on 20m of chain, but the wind backing to SSE threated to push us over a patch of rubble, so we laid our second Delta out to port as a temporary wing anchor, on only 16m of warp with a 7½kg chum weight but no chain.

The wind direction changed only gradually, and we actually lay to this second anchor while the strength increased to Force 8, before the veer allowed the first anchor to take the load again.

Several other skippers had used chums, which help to damp-down snatch loads and also reduce sheering.

Wider picture

Elsewhere there was chaos. For yachts caught in the Isles of Scilly in bad weather, the three most likely failures are a broken mooring connection, a dragged mooring or a dragged anchor, and all three occurred during that wild night.

At Hugh Town, the St Mary’s Harbour staff had diligently warned all skippers to reinforce their strops to the visitor moorings, preferably with chain, and yet numerous strops broke or chafed through.

One yacht came adrift, then secured to a local boat and reportedly caused damage before breaking free again and driving on to rocks, where the crew were lifted off by Coastguard helicopter.

Storm tactics and anchor and on moorings: The visitor moorings at St Mary’s are closely packed, which is risky if a boat breaks adrift. Credit: Ken Endean

In other locations, at least two visitor moorings with single clump sinkers dragged (for the first time in anyone’s memory) and their moored boats went ashore.

There were also many instances of dragged anchors: a large ketch in St Helen’s Pool drove ashore on Tean’s outliers, and a cutter that had been anchored off Old Grimsby dragged for half a mile until grounding near Tresco’s eastern extremity.

Both rescues involved the helicopter. Several yachts also dragged off New Grimsby, in Porth Cressa and in The Cove, between St Agnes and Gugh.

Most of the dragged anchors had been laid in relatively deep water and many came up swathed in weed.

Storm tactics at anchor: Three craft tucked in behind the commercial jetty near the high water mark to remain dried out for much of the storm. Credit: Ken Endean

Three yachts anchored inside the bay at Old Grimsby, where they took the ground at low tide; they were on clean sand and remained secure.

As the local lifeboat was much in demand and suffering problems on one engine, the Sennen Cove Tamar-class lifeboat battled out from the mainland to assist.

The former’s small Y boat was also in action over low tide, when the depths were shallow, and the crews worked heroically through the night.

Other vessels lent a hand: a Tresco harbour boat assisted several yachts off New Grimsby and in Green Bay a boatyard RIB helped at least one yacht by re-positioning a stern anchor.

Storm tactics at anchor and on moorings: How to avoid problems

The buoys in St Mary’s harbour are on a ground chain grid and highly unlikely to shift.

However, they are slightly outside the harbour and in a westerly wind will be very uncomfortable indeed.

To put it another way, if the Earth was flat, those moorings would have a good view of America, with nothing in between.

A Rocna anchor getting grip……Credit: Ken Endean

Pete Hicks, coxswain of the St Mary’s Lifeboat, offers the following advice: ‘If possible, have a mooring strop made up that fits your boat’s cleat layout, with a rubbing patch for across the stem rollers with a thimble and a good shackle to attach to the mooring itself. Many of the incidents we see of yachts breaking their moorings is after a rope which has just been passed through the mooring buoy’s chain or shackle chafes out. At least take a turn in the chain to stop movement or tie off the rope with a suitable knot (round turn and 2 half hitches or Anchor bend). If you don’t have one of these, spread the load, use plenty of ropes. Attach to different points on the boat, not just one cleat. The windlass is a good place.’

…and deeply embedded after the gale. Credit: Ken Endean

The moorings are also very close together, so a boat that breaks adrift is likely to collide with others.

Elsewhere, visitor moorings with heavy clump sinkers should be okay in most conditions.

However, the buoys at New Grimsby, Old Grimsby and Tean Sound are in deep water and exposed to winds blowing along their channels, from NW or SE, when their motion can become violent.

In Green Bay many of the yachts were, like us, lying to short scopes to avoid tangling with one another, and yet all anchors held, most of them without budging.

Elsewhere, at least one of the yachts that dragged in deep water had her CQR on about 100 metres of chain but that did her no good.

Our second anchor was on a scope/depth ratio of less than 4 to 1 (measured from the stem head) so when the warp lifted the chum it would have been pulling upwards at about 15º, and yet the anchor remained solidly embedded, in winds of near gale force.

A Delta anchor sticking its point in….Credit: Ken Endean

Much is written about the need for lots of chain on the bottom but I reckon it is even more important to ensure that the anchor has connected properly to the seabed.

In Scilly, that generally means using a modern anchor and anchoring on sand, so that the hook can dig in cleanly.

…and out Delta on rope, after the gale. Credit: Ken Endean

In Green Bay, we had it easy because there is little weed, but in deeper water it is essential to look for patches of light-coloured sand.

The dark areas indicate weed, which may be loose or may be growing on rock or boulders, which is just as bad.

Our Delta anchors are surprisingly effective in boulders, but I would not trust them to hang on to the lumps in a Force 9.

Hiding from the elements

Whatever the likely wind directions, finding a spot with good shelter will be easier with a boat that can take the ground – just like all the working craft that once frequented the islands.

A twin-keeler will be the best option, because it is unlikely to be damaged if it swings on to rubble, but a single-keeled yacht will become a much safer vessel for the Isles of Scilly as soon as its owner fits beaching legs.

Enjoyed reading Storm tactics at anchor: Surviving gales in Scilly?

A subscription to Yachting Monthly magazine costs around 40% less than the cover price .

Print and digital editions are available through Magazines Direct – where you can also find the latest deals .

YM is packed with information to help you get the most from your time on the water.

• Take your seamanship to the next level with tips, advice and skills from our experts
• Impartial in-depth reviews of the latest yachts and equipment
• Cruising guides to help you reach those dream destinations

Follow us on Facebook , Twitter and Instagram.

A guide to Indian Lake, hammered by Thursday's storms

The Indian Lake area of Ohio was torn by storms Thursday night . Here's a guide to the lake:

Where is Indian Lake?

Indian Lake is in Logan County, about 70 miles northwest of Columbus.

How big is Indian Lake?

The lake is about 5,100 acres, making it the third largest lake in Ohio, behind Grand Lake St. Marys (13,500 acres) in Auglaize and Mercer counties and Mosquito Creek Lake (7,850 acres) in Trumbull County, according to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. In addition, Pymatuning Reservoir, which straddles Ohio and Pennsylvania, covers 14,000 acres.

Is Indian Lake natural?

Indian Lake is man-made. According to the ODNR , it began in 1851 as "Old Indian Lake," a feeder lake for the Miami & Erie Canal. A bulkhead completed in 1860 allowed the lake, then called Lewiston Reservoir, to grow to more than 6,300 acres. Although Indian Lake is very shallow, with an average depth of 6 feet, it has largely been spared the algae that has stained other Ohio lakes because of the Indian Lake Watershed Project, established in the 1990s to keep the water clean.

How many people live on Indian Lake?

About 1,300 people live in the lake's largest town, Russells Point, and another 1,200 live down the road in Lakeview, both on the lake's southern shore. Hundreds more live around the lake, many of them in seasonal trailer parks and campgrounds, making the area vulnerable to storms.

What is Indian Lake best known for?

For decades, an amusement park and dance halls along the lake's southern rim drew visitors from miles around and provided the lake's nickname, the "Midwest's Million Dollar Playground." The last bits of the amusement park were torn down in the early 1980s; only the I ndian Lake Rollarena in Russells Point provides a hint of the lake's entertainment past.

Was the 1960s hit "Indian Lake" about this lake?

No. The Cowsills' 1968 Top 10 hit "Indian Lake" is thought to be based on a lake in Upstate New York.

What is housing like around Indian lake?

Much of Indian Lake's homes remain trailers in campgrounds, especially on the north and west sides of the lake. But a growing number of large new homes have been built on the lake this century, especially on the lake's multiple islands and eastern shore. Many of the older, modest homes still sell under $100,000, but newer homes can command more than half a million dollars. The lake's real-estate landed it a spot on the HGTV shows "Island Life" and "Island Hunters."

What impact did the storms have on the lake's state park?

The ODNR has closed Indian Lake State Park, on the west side of the lake, until further notice. "ODNR staff and other emergency crews will assess the impact of the storm and reevaluate the status of the park later today," the department posted Friday . The 8,400-acre park is one of Ohio's four original state parks, created in 1949.

[email protected]

Hundreds of guillemots, exhausted by storms, dead on French beaches

The Reuters Daily Briefing newsletter provides all the news you need to start your day. Sign up here.

Reporting by Stephane Mahe; Writing by Lucien Libert; Editing by Geert De Clercq and Richard Chang

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. , opens new tab

A group of Japanese energy firms including Mitsubishi's wind power unit , JERA and Tokyo Gas , have set up an association to boost the development of floating offshore wind farms and jointly create technology, they said on Friday.

Octopus Energy's generation arm said on Friday it was investing in German renewables developer Lintas Green Energy to speed up the company's growth across the country.

France's Macron: Europe's security at stake in Ukraine

French President Emmanuel Macron said on Friday that France and its allies will continue to support Ukraine as long as it takes.